Effects of stimulation frequency, amplitude, and impulse width on muscle fatigue

Behringer, Michael; Grützner, Sebastian; Montag, Johannes; McCourt, Molly; Ring, Matthias; Mester, Joachim

doi:10.1002/mus.24893

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Pulses were delivered at a sequence of 4sON/4sOFF. 14 Stimulation concluded when the muscle fatigued, defined as a 50% drop in force from the initial 25%preMVC force for three consecutive contractions, 14 or at the expiration of 30 minutes of ES. EMG was recorded throughout the protocol.…”

Section: Materials Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 13 Related response variability may be true during ES stimulation when selecting the frequency of ES firing for the purpose of either force generation or improving muscle integrity and rehabilitation training. Several studies have examined how manipulation of stimulation frequency, current intensity, and pulse-width parameters impact ES-induced fatigue, 14-18 but to our knowledge little research has examined the development of fatigue with consideration of combined effects of muscle sizes with fiber composition variability in the same group of subjects. Additionally, more recent interest has directed ES application towards tissue regeneration where research has shown that ES aids cell proliferation in connective tissue, improves the rate of new collagen formation in injured tendons, 19 and reverses long-term denervation muscle atrophy.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Electrical Stimulation Frequency and Skeletal Muscle Characteristics: Effects on Force and Fatigue

Vromans

Faghri

2017

Eur J Transl Myol

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This investigation aimed to determine the force and muscle surface electromyography (EMG) responses to different frequencies of electrical stimulation (ES) in two groups of muscles with different size and fiber composition (fast- and slow-twitch fiber proportions) during a fatigue-inducing protocol. Progression towards fatigue was evaluated in the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and vastus lateralis (VL) when activated by ES at three frequencies (10, 35, and 50Hz). Ten healthy adults (mean age: 23.2 ± 3.0 years) were recruited; participants signed an IRB approved consent form prior to participation. Protocols were developed to 1) identify initial ES current intensity required to generate the 25% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) at each ES frequency and 2) evaluate changes in force and EMG activity during ES-induced contraction at each frequency while progressing towards fatigue. For both muscles, stimulation at 10Hz required higher current intensity of ES to generate the initial force. There was a significant decline in force in response to ES-induced fatigue for all frequencies and for both muscles (p<0.05). However, the EMG response was not consistent between muscles. During the progression towards fatigue, the APB displayed an initial drop in force followed by an increase in EMG activity and the VL displayed a decrease in EMG activity for all frequencies. Overall, it appeared that there were some significant interactions between muscle size and fiber composition during progression towards fatigue for different ES frequencies. It could be postulated that muscle characteristics (size and fiber composition) should be considered when evaluating progression towards fatigue as EMG and force responses are not consistent between muscles.

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Section: Materials Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Stimulation Frequency and Skeletal Muscle Characteristics: Effects on Force and Fatigue

Vromans

Faghri

2017

Eur J Transl Myol

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“…One of the selected study by Sadowsky et al (2013) used a high frequency and longer pulse duration (100 Hz and 500 µs). This might induce high frequency fatigue (Behringer et al, 2016), but the muscle fatigue was not reported. It may be that NMES/FES can be delivered using longer pulse duration and higher frequency (1 ms of pulse widths, frequency ∼100 Hz) that are used conventionally to reduce contraction fatigability and enhance the benefits of NMES/FES-based programs for the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems by generating contractions through spinal and possibly transcortical "central pathways" (Collins, 2007;Bergquist et al, 2011;Bastos et al, 2021).…”

Section: Effect Of Functional Electrical Stimulation Protocol On Spasticitymentioning

confidence: 98%

The Effect and Dose-Response of Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling Training on Spasticity in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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Background: To investigate the effect and dose-response of functional electrical stimulation cycling (FES-cycling) training on spasticity in the individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).Method: Five electronic databases [PubMed, Scopus, Medline (Proquest), Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)] were searched before September 2021. The human trials and studies of English language were only included. Two authors independently reviewed and extracted the searched studies. The primary outcome measure was spasticity assessed by Modified Ashworth Scale or Ashworth Scale for lower limbs. The secondary outcome measures were walking abilities, such as 6 Min Walk Test (6MWT), Timed Up and Go (TUG), and lower limbs muscle strength (LEMS). A subgroup analysis was performed to investigate the efficacious threshold number of training sessions. A meta-regression analysis was used to examine the linear relationship between the training sessions and the effect on spasticity.Results: A total of 764 studies were identified. After screening, 12 selected studies were used for the qualitative synthesis, in which eight of them were quantitatively analyzed. Eight studies included ninety-nine subjects in total with SCI (male: female = 83:16). The time since injury was from less than 4 weeks to 17 years. The age ranged from 20 to 67 years. American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment level of the number of participants was 59 for ASIA A, 11 for ASIA B, 18 for ASIA C, and 11 for ASIA D. There were 43 subjects with tetraplegia and 56 subjects with paraplegia. Spasticity decreased significantly (95% CI = − 1.538 to − 0.182, p = 0.013) in favor of FES-cycling training. The walking ability and LEMS also improved significantly in favor of FES-cycling training. The subgroup analysis showed that spasticity decreased significantly only in more than 20 training sessions (95% CI = − 1.749 to − 0.149, p = 0.020). The meta-regression analysis showed training sessions and spasticity were not significantly associated (coefficient = − 0.0025, SE = 0.0129, p = 0.849, R2 analog = 0.37).Conclusion: Functional electrical stimulation-cycling training can improve spasticity, walking ability, and the strength of the lower limbs in the individuals with SCI. The number of training sessions is not linearly related to the decrease of spasticity. Twenty sessions of FES-cycling training are required to obtain the efficacy to decrease spasticity.

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“…Some researchers focused on the effects of PF variation on muscle force, fatigue, and endurance. Behringer and colleagues (23) investigated the effect of PA, PF, and PW on muscle fatigue for both legs of 13 athletic men. They showed that PF, but not PA and PW, affected fatigue kinetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Functional Electrical Stimulation Systems Using Simultaneous Pulse Width, Amplitude, and Frequency Modulations

Nekoukar¹

2021

Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface

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Effects of stimulation frequency, amplitude, and impulse width on muscle fatigue

Abstract: Stimulation frequency, but not impulse width or intensity, affected fatigue kinetics.

Cited by 20 publications

References 41 publications

Electrical Stimulation Frequency and Skeletal Muscle Characteristics: Effects on Force and Fatigue

Electrical Stimulation Frequency and Skeletal Muscle Characteristics: Effects on Force and Fatigue

The Effect and Dose-Response of Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling Training on Spasticity in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

Control of Functional Electrical Stimulation Systems Using Simultaneous Pulse Width, Amplitude, and Frequency Modulations

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