Effects of stewardship on protected area effectiveness for coastal birds

Michel, Nicole L.; Saunders, Sarah P.; Meehan, Timothy D.; Wilsey, Chad B.

doi:10.1111/cobi.13698

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This is an important framing, as even with expansion of protected areas, biodiversity loss and extinction rates continue to remain high (Crist et al, 2021). Therefore, protection status alone does not guarantee conservation success without additional management actions (Michel et al, 2021; Wauchope et al, 2022; Wood et al, 2014). This may be the case within the context of climate change, where proactive management strategies need to be implemented to continuously adapt to changing environmental conditions (Schuurman et al, 2020; Wu et al, 2018, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where, who, and what counts under area-based conservation targets: A framework for identifying opportunities that benefit biodiversity, climate mitigation, and human communities

Bateman

Feng

Grand

et al. 2023

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Area-based conservation targets, such as 30x30, if strategically applied, can increase resiliency to climate change and provide co-benefits to people and biodiversity. However, protected areas historically were not designated within the context of global change, and human communities at highest risk are often overlooked in conservation planning. To inform 30x30 conservation planning in the United States (i.e., America the Beautiful; ATB), we evaluated where US conservation opportunities exist by identifying habitats that can simultaneously benefit climate change mitigation and bird populations, as well as who lives in these areas and how conservation actions could both improve human well-being or potentially be at odds with local communities. To inform the equitable implementation of area-based conservation targets, we integrated maps of critical habitat for birds now and under a changing climate with carbon stocks and sinks and developed a prioritization framework to investigate the spatial alignment of these locations with areas identified as important for both human well-being and land-dependent human communities. Although nearly 30% of US lands have some level of protection, only 6% of US lands (143 million acres) are managed for biodiversity and align with Bird and Carbon (BC) priorities, and <3% of protected US lands (59 million acres) align with priorities for Birds, Carbon, and Human well-being (BCH). Of the 312 million acres of BCH priorities identified, 71% lack known protection or formal conservation plans (14% of US lands) and should be considered conservation opportunities that could simultaneously address the biodiversity and climate crises, and social inequities. Targeting these BCH areas for conservation action would contribute to more equitable benefits to marginalized communities, and could fulfill the Justice 40 commitment, which aims to allocate 40% of federal investments in climate benefits to marginalized communities (which, for the 30% goal under ATB equates to 12% of US lands). At least 80% of all BCH priorities co-occur with Indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLCs) who have strong cultural and socioeconomic ties to the land, making it imperative to work with local communities to define what counts as conservation actions towards the 30% goal and what successful conservation outcomes that benefit biodiversity, climate change mitigation, and human communities look like.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where, who, and what counts under area-based conservation targets: A framework for identifying opportunities that benefit biodiversity, climate mitigation, and human communities

Bateman

Feng

Grand

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Shorebird conservation-specific research has found that non-compliance may vary by type of dog regulation (e.g. complete dog closures compared to leashing areas; Maguire et al, 2019) and that sites with steward programs have positive impacts on shorebirds, especially in the summer (Michel et al, 2021). Still, there is a need for an evaluation of the efficacy (in terms of increased compliance with dog regulations) for enforcement vs. voluntary compliance vs. combined approaches to validate if the combined approach suggested in the conservation criminology literature and our interview findings is indeed most effective.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managers and shorebird biologists' perceptions of enforcement and voluntary compliance techniques to increase compliance with dog regulations on beaches

et al. 2022

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1. Disturbance to shorebirds by domestic dogs can cause direct and indirect bird mortality. Dog regulations to minimize disturbance are only effective if people comply with them.2. Non-compliance is a universal problem in biodiversity conservation, with an associated body of applicable social science from the field of conservation criminology. We apply the lens of this literature to better understand non-compliance with dog regulations on beaches along the Atlantic Flyway of the U.S. and the role of law enforcement and voluntary compliance techniques (e.g. persuasive communications, behavioural alternatives) in fostering compliance.3. Through in-depth interviews with 27 land managers and shorebird biologists experienced in creating and/or implementing regulations to reduce disturbance to shorebirds, we found that non-compliance is a challenge that law enforcement alone is inadequate to address.4. Managers are working to overcome these challenges with law enforcement through training law enforcement officers, as well as voluntary compliance approaches, such as conducting on-site stewardship programs led largely by volunteers, placing educational signage at sites, and highlighting alternative areas to walk dogs.5. The early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. increased dog walking on beaches and exacerbated the issue of non-compliance and lack of enforcement, while the capacity for educational and stewardship programs was also limited.6. We conclude by recommending that managers and biologists tackle noncompliance with multiple and concurrent strategies along a spectrum from enforcement to voluntary compliance techniques, while also better studying the efficacy of these approaches. We also highlight the importance of continuing to track the ongoing challenges to compliance with biodiversity conservation regulations due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…The National Audubon Society's conservation efforts include both broad-scale national and international, as well as local, site-based conservation programs. To ensure that its conservation programs are informed by science, Audubon has invested in spatial analyses across multiple scales (e.g., Audubon Alaska 2019, Grand et al 2019Saunders et al 2019;Bateman et al 2020b;Michel et al 2020;DeLuca et al 2021;Michel et al 2021). The utility of these investments is measured by the degree to which they can support state and regional efforts throughout the hemisphere to advance on-theground conservation and policy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A framework for linking hemispheric, full annual cycle prioritizations to local conservation actions for migratory birds

DeLuca

Seavy

Grand

et al. 2023

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The conservation of migratory birds poses a fundamental challenge: their conservation requires coordinated action across the hemisphere, but those actions must be designed and implemented locally. To address this challenge, we describe a multi-level framework for linking broad-scale, full annual cycle prioritizations to local conservation actions for migratory birds. We developed hemisphere-scale spatial prioritizations for the full annual cycle of migratory birds that breed in six different ecosystems in North America. The full annual cycle prioritizations provide a hemispheric context within which regional priorities can be identified. Finer resolution, regional prioritizations can then inform local conservation actions more effectively. We describe the importance of local conservation practitioner contributions at each level of the process and provide two examples of regional spatial prioritizations that were developed to guide local action. The first example focused on coastal North and South Carolina, USA, and used information on marsh birds, shorebirds, ecological integrity, and co-benefits for people to identify Cape Romain, South Carolina as a high-priority site for conservation action. The second example in Colombia used information on migrant and resident birds to identify the Cauca Valley as a high priority site. The multi-level conceptual framework we describe is one pathway for identifying sites for implementation of local conservation actions that are guided by conservation priorities for migratory birds across their full annual cycle.

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Effects of stewardship on protected area effectiveness for coastal birds

Cited by 9 publications

References 42 publications

Where, who, and what counts under area-based conservation targets: A framework for identifying opportunities that benefit biodiversity, climate mitigation, and human communities

Where, who, and what counts under area-based conservation targets: A framework for identifying opportunities that benefit biodiversity, climate mitigation, and human communities

Managers and shorebird biologists' perceptions of enforcement and voluntary compliance techniques to increase compliance with dog regulations on beaches

A framework for linking hemispheric, full annual cycle prioritizations to local conservation actions for migratory birds

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