Effects of sterilization methods on the physical characteristics of soil: Implications for sorption isotherm analyses

Lotrario, J. B.; Stuart, Ben J.; Lam, T.; Arands, R.R.; O’Connor, Owen A.; Kosson, David S.

doi:10.1007/bf00206097

Cited by 106 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Hence, these small subsamples were isolated only at the moment of analysis. While autoclaving creates a variety of artifacts, including alteration of the oxidation of some organic soil constituents, it may also promote reductive dissolution of metals, and the oxidation state of metals in solution may then depend on how the soil is subsequently handled while setting up and carrying out incubations (Lotrario et al 1995). In any case, each study can only claim whether or not abiotic NO 3 -immobilization was observed under the particular experimental conditions employed during that study.…”

Section: Iron In Soil Extractsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Iron interference in the quantification of nitrate in soil extracts and its effect on hypothesized abiotic immobilization of nitrate

2008

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Human alteration of the nitrogen cycle has stimulated research on nitrogen cycling in many aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, where analyses of nitrate (NO 3 -) by standard laboratory methods are common. A recent study by Colman et al. (Biogeochemistry 84:161-169, 2007) identified a potential analytical interference of soluble iron (Fe) with NO 3 -quantification by standard flow-injection analysis of soil extracts, and suggested that this interference may have led Dail et al. (Biogeochemistry 54:131-146, 2001) to make an erroneous assessment of abiotic nitrate immobilization in prior 15 N pool dilution studies of Harvard Forest soils. In this paper, we reproduce the Fe interference problem systematically and show that it is likely related to dissolved, complexed-Fe interfering with the colorimetric analysis of NO 2 -. We also show how standard additions of NO 3 -and NO 2 -to soil extracts at native dissolved Fe concentrations reveal when the Fe interference problem occurs, and permit the assessment of its significance for past, present, and future analyses. We demonstrate low soluble Fe concentrations and good recovery of standard additions of NO 3 -and NO 2 -in extracts of sterilized Harvard Forest soils. Hence, we maintain that rapid NO 3 -immobilization occurred in sterilized samples of the Harvard Forest O horizon in the study by Dail et al. (2001). Furthermore, additional evidence is accumulating in the literature for rapid disappearance of NO 3 -added to soils, suggesting that our observations were not the result of an isolated analytical artifact. The conditions for NO 3 -reduction are likely to be highly dependent on microsite properties, both in situ and in the laboratory. The so-called ''ferrous wheel hypothesis'' (Davidson et al., Glob Chang Biol 9:228-236, 2003) remains an unproven, viable explanation for published observations.

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Section: Iron In Soil Extractsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Iron interference in the quantification of nitrate in soil extracts and its effect on hypothesized abiotic immobilization of nitrate

2008

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“…1, Table s2). However, sterilized soils adsorbed less DNAN (difference significant for 24 h for both soils) (Table s2), possibly as a result of the impact of autoclaving on soil properties and resultant influence on adsorption (e.g., Xie and Mackenzie, 1991;Lotrario et al, 1995). The complete mass balance of DNAN obtained at 24 h means that calculation of sorbed concentrations and K d values from measures of solution-phase concentrations only are valid.…”

Section: Dnan Mass Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Batch soil adsorption and column transport studies of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) in soils

Arthur

Mark

Taylor

et al. 2017

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology

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The explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is currently a main ingredient in munitions; however the compound has failed to meet the new sensitivity requirements. The replacement compound being tested is 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN). DNAN is less sensitive to shock, high temperatures, and has good detonation characteristics. However, DNAN is more soluble than TNT, which can influence transport and fate behavior and thus bioavailability and human exposure potential. The objective of this study was to investigate the environmental fate and transport of DNAN in soil, with specific focus on sorption processes. Batch and column experiments were conducted using soils collected from military installations located across the United States. The soils were characterized for pH, electrical conductivity, specific surface area, cation exchange capacity, and organic carbon content. In the batch rate studies, change in DNAN concentration with time was evaluated using the first order equation, while adsorption isotherms were fitted using linear and Freundlich equations. Solution mass-loss rate coefficients ranged between 0.0002 h −1 and 0.0068 h −1 . DNAN was strongly adsorbed by soils with linear adsorption coefficients ranging between 0.6 and 6.3 L g −1 , and Freundlich coefficients between 1.3 and 34 mg 1 − n L n kg −1 . Both linear and Freundlich adsorption coefficients were positively correlated with the amount of organic carbon and cation exchange capacity of the soil, indicating that similar to TNT, organic matter and clay minerals may influence adsorption of DNAN. The results of the miscible-displacement column experiments confirmed the impact of sorption on retardation of DNAN during transport. It was also shown that under flow conditions DNAN transforms readily with formation of amino transformation products, 2-ANAN and 4-ANAN. The magnitudes of retardation and transformation observed in this study result in significant attenuation potential for DNAN, which would be anticipated to contribute to a reduced risk for contamination of ground water from soil residues.

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“…However, the total diesel extraction efficiency was Ͼ87%, suggesting that adsorption may have affected the extraction of other diesel components (e.g., naphthenes, branched alkanes, and PAHs). Adsorption may also explain the oscillating values in the abiotic control, where the successive autoclave treatments may change soil physicochemical properties (59). However, values close to the initial 100% indicate that loss by abiotic factors was minimal.…”

Section: Fig 2 Effect Of Diesel Pollution and Bioremediation Treatmenmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Rare to Dominant: a Fine-Tuned Soil Bacterial Bloom during Petroleum Hydrocarbon Bioremediation

Fuentes

Barra

Caporaso

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

116

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Hydrocarbons are worldwide-distributed pollutants that disturb various ecosystems. The aim of this study was to characterize the short-lapse dynamics of soil microbial communities in response to hydrocarbon pollution and different bioremediation treatments. Replicate diesel-spiked soil microcosms were inoculated with either a defined bacterial consortium or a hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial enrichment and incubated for 12 weeks. The microbial community dynamics was followed weekly in microcosms using Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Both the bacterial consortium and enrichment enhanced hydrocarbon degradation in diesel-polluted soils. A pronounced and rapid bloom of a native gammaproteobacterium was observed in all dieselpolluted soils. A unique operational taxonomic unit (OTU) related to the Alkanindiges genus represented ϳ0.1% of the sequences in the original community but surprisingly reached >60% after 6 weeks. Despite this Alkanindiges-related bloom, inoculated strains were maintained in the community and may explain the differences in hydrocarbon degradation. This study shows the detailed dynamics of a soil bacterial bloom in response to hydrocarbon pollution, resembling microbial blooms observed in marine environments. Rare community members presumably act as a reservoir of ecological functions in high-diversity environments, such as soils. This rare-to-dominant bacterial shift illustrates the potential role of a rare biosphere facing drastic environmental disturbances. Additionally, it supports the concept of "conditionally rare taxa," in which rareness is a temporary state conditioned by environmental constraints.

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Effects of sterilization methods on the physical characteristics of soil: Implications for sorption isotherm analyses

Cited by 106 publications

References 9 publications

Iron interference in the quantification of nitrate in soil extracts and its effect on hypothesized abiotic immobilization of nitrate

Iron interference in the quantification of nitrate in soil extracts and its effect on hypothesized abiotic immobilization of nitrate

Batch soil adsorption and column transport studies of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) in soils

From Rare to Dominant: a Fine-Tuned Soil Bacterial Bloom during Petroleum Hydrocarbon Bioremediation

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