Effects of Stereotyped Nonhypnotic, Hypnotic, and Posthypnotic Suggestions upon Strength, Power, and Endurance

The relationship between posthypnotic suggestion and endurance in physically trained subjects

“…These findings were contrary to the work of Johnson and Kramer (1961). It is possible that differences between the two studies exist because of the nature of the work task performed by their Ss (supine press of a 47-pound barbell to exhaustion).…”

“…assessed the molar rather than the molecular response. In addition, Johnson and Kramer (1961) used clinical impressions to define susceptibility rather than an objective scale, which may further account for these differences.…”

“…Contrary to this line of investigation, Mead and Roush (1949); Orne (1959); Johnson, Massey, and Kramer (1960); Collins (1961); Johnson and Kramer (1961); Levitt and Brady (1964); Morgan and Coyne (1965); and Albert and Williams (1975) have shown no marked improvement in endurance performance when hypnosis and facilitating suggestions were used concurrently.…”

“…Since endurance is one of the most variable human performance factors studied, it is probable that any investigation which uses a small number of Ss is likely to produce a null hypothesis when conventional alpha levels are employed. On the other hand, Johnson and Kramer (1961) concluded that light and deep hypnotic Ss, when given motivational suggestions in hypnosis, performed significantly better than Ss in the control group.…”

“…A considerable body of research (e.g., Barber & Calverley, 1964;Johnson & Kramer, 1961;London & Fuhrer, 1961;Nicholson, 1920;Roush, 1951;Slotnick, Liebert, & Hilgard, 1965;Slotnick & London, 1965;Williams, 1929) concerning the effects of hypnosis coupled with suggestions of enhanced performance has indicated that the summative effect of hypnosis and motivational suggestions was greater than that of hypnosis alone or when similar suggestions were given in the waking state. Contrary to this line of investigation, Mead and Roush (1949); Orne (1959); Johnson, Massey, and Kramer (1960); Collins (1961); Johnson and Kramer (1961); Levitt and Brady (1964); Morgan and Coyne (1965); and Albert and Williams (1975) have shown no marked improvement in endurance performance when hypnosis and facilitating suggestions were used concurrently.…”