Effects of starvation at the first feeding stage on the survival and growth of walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus larvae

Yokota, Takashi; Nakagawa, Toru; Murakami, Naoto; Chimura, Masayuki; Tanaka, Hiroshige; Yamashita, Yuuho; Funamoto, Tetsuichiro

doi:10.1007/s12562-015-0948-6

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…For larval shortnose sturgeon, the resumption of normal growth, despite the degree of starvation, may allow a rapid recovery and restoration of damaged tissues that may have occurred during this period. This type of recovery growth has also been reported in delayed feeding studies of Siberian sturgeon, A. baeri [49], Chinese sturgeon, A. sinensis [50], Persian sturgeon, A. persicus [51], as well as larvae of more modern teleost species like gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata [19], walleye pollock, Gadus chalcogrammus [20], and silver therapon, Leiopotherapon plumbeus [52]. The growth "spurt" seen in larvae starved for the longest periods (15 and 18 days) may also reflect a compensatory mechanism used by these larvae when food is limited or patchily distributed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…sinensis [ 50 ], Persian sturgeon, A . persicus [ 51 ], as well as larvae of more modern teleost species like gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata [ 19 ], walleye pollock, Gadus chalcogrammus [ 20 ], and silver therapon, Leiopotherapon plumbeus [ 52 ]. The growth “spurt” seen in larvae starved for the longest periods (15 and 18 days) may also reflect a compensatory mechanism used by these larvae when food is limited or patchily distributed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Information is somewhat limited on the effects of starvation on susceptibility of fish larvae to predation and has mainly focused on marine species [7,[19][20][21]. Early-life mortality in sturgeon is not well researched or understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth, survivorship, and predator avoidance capability of larval shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) in response to delayed feeding

et al. 2021

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Larval shortnose sturgeon, reared at 17°C, were subjected to delayed feeding treatments of 0, 5, 10, 15, 18, and 23 days post-yolk absorption to examine effects of food deprivation on growth, survival, swimming activity, and escape capabilities. Starvation affected growth and survival but despite degree of starvation, larvae were able to resume growth and experience high survivorship following feeding. Specific growth rate based on larval dry weight for the period directly following first feeding was highest for the day 15 and 18 delayed feeding treatments. There were no differences in survival between the 0 and 5 day treatments, however survival was reduced to 71.2%, 45.4%, and 28.8% for 10, 15, and 18 day delayed feeding treatments, respectively. Shortnose sturgeon had a point-of-no-return (PNR; 55.7% initiated feeding) at ~19 days (or 42 days post-fertilization) following the full absorption of yolk. Mean percent swimming activity and swimming speeds showed an interaction between delayed feeding treatment and larval age, such that no differences were detected at 1 and 6 days post-yolk absorption, while these swimming behaviors generally increased or spiked as feeding was delayed for 10, 15, and 18 days post-yolk absorption. At 23 days post-yolk absorption, only swimming speed increased for larvae that were denied food for 18 days. While there was an interaction between delayed feeding treatments and age for proportion of larvae exhibiting an escape response, generally, larvae from all feeding treatments exhibited a positive escape response. There were also interactions between delayed feeding treatments and age post-yolk absorption for mean and maximum escape speeds, such that less aggressive escape responses were typically detected the longer larvae were denied food. Our research suggests that larval shortnose sturgeon increase physical activity during periods of starvation to find a food patch while remaining vigilant but maybe not as capable to defend against a predatory attack as fed individuals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth, survivorship, and predator avoidance capability of larval shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) in response to delayed feeding

et al. 2021

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“…Previous studies have shown that the time to reach the PNR varies with egg size, larval length at hatching (Blaxter & Hempel, 1963), life history and distribution (Bagarinao, 1986; Houde, 1974). Temperature and time of first feeding also have an important impact on tolerance to food deprivation (Dou et al ., 2005; McGurk, 1984; Yokota et al ., 2016) as do larval age and size, since older and larger larvae showed an increased capacity to withstand starvation. The nutritional quality of the yolk sac and oil globule as well as the activity level also influence larval starvation resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and biochemical effects of food deprivation during the early development of Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru

Peña

Moguel-Hernández

Haro-Ballesteros

2021

Journal of Fish Biology

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We report the effects of food deprivation on the early development of Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru during the first days of development. The point of no return (PNR) was determined using the feeding incidence after a delay in first feeding. The gradual deterioration of the larvae during food deprivation was recorded using morphometric, histological, enzymatic and biochemical analysis. The time to reach the PNR was 120 h after hatching. Morphologically, the total length, muscle height, head length, tail length and pectoral angle showed the biggest reductions and their growth coefficients changed significantly during food deprivation. Histologically, enterocyte height also was reduced significantly. The protein concentration and activities of the digestive enzymes trypsin, cathepsin-like and lipase showed a significant decrease; meanwhile, amylase activity remained constant during food deprivation. The concentration of total essential free amino acids (EFAAs) decreased significantly while that of the nonessential free amino acids (NEFAAs) remain stable during food deprivation.The most abundant EFAAs were lysine, leucine, isoleucine and valine; the most abundant NEFAAs were alanine, glycine and glutamate, suggesting a more prominent role as energy substrates. At the time of the PNR the concentration of almost all the free amino acids showed a significant decrease. Early food deprivation has a significant impact on the morphology and biochemical characteristics of L. peru. These results suggest that initial feeding of L. peru should begin within 3 days of yolk sac depletion to avoid the PNR. Further studies are necessary to confirm and validate the characters identified in this study as biomarkers of starvation under culture conditions and evaluate their possible utility in ichthyoplankton surveys.

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“…When these reserves are depleted, alevins emerge into the water column to search for prey. Just‐emerged alevins have a limited amount of body reserves and they can only withstand a limited period of starvation (Dou, Masuda, Tanaka, & Tsukamoto, 2005; Yokota et al, 2016). For brown trout ( Salmo trutta L.), the emergence period extends through spring, from March to May (Baglinière & Maisse, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of food availability and performances of first‐feeding alevins through spring with the occurrence of a flood

Arevalo

Larrañaga²,

Bardonnet

2020

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

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Climate change will increase the temperature of rivers and will lead to more extreme events, such as floods. Temperature increases and floods will likely alter the phenology of freshwater species differently and have the potential to significantly disturb prey–predator interactions. In spring, an increase in temperature triggers an increase in primary production and controls the timing of the emergence in brown trout (Salmo trutta L.). Hydrology regulates the abundance of invertebrates, which are the main food source for newborn alevins. As such, climate change may desynchronise the relationship between fish emergence and invertebrate production, resulting in a negative impact on the performance of newly emerged alevins. In the present study, we quantified the abundance of invertebrates and the performance (survival and growth) of newborn alevins in early spring (March) compared to late spring (April/May) in 8 enclosures in a semi‐natural channel. In addition, we simulated a flood in 4 enclosures in late spring. Our results revealed that survival and growth of alevins in early spring were limited due to low invertebrate abundance. In late spring, there was a decrease in the survival of alevins placed in the flooded enclosures, likely due to the reduction of food availability. However, the growth of survivors increased, probably because of the increase in the abundance of Chironomidae after the flood and a reduced competition between congeners. Our results demonstrate that when emergence and flooding happen simultaneously, they can limit resources which will impact the survival and growth of young salmonids in running waters.

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Effects of starvation at the first feeding stage on the survival and growth of walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus larvae

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Growth, survivorship, and predator avoidance capability of larval shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) in response to delayed feeding

Growth, survivorship, and predator avoidance capability of larval shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) in response to delayed feeding

Morphological and biochemical effects of food deprivation during the early development of Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru

Comparison of food availability and performances of first‐feeding alevins through spring with the occurrence of a flood

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