Effects of Staphylococcal Cell Wall Products on Immunity

Dziarski, Roman

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-4115-4_8

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Based on the yields of TA and PG extracted from CW by the trichloroacetic acid extraction method [22], it was established that CW contained ap proximately 40% TA and 60°/o PG, and this ratio was used in the present experiments. It was shown (table II) that TA had to be cov alently bound to PG, as in CW preparation, to confer cytotoxic activity on PG at the concentration studied.…”

Section: Response Of Mouse Lymphocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TA and PG were separated by the trichloro acetic acid extraction method. Analysis of the chemical composition of TA revealed the presence of alanine, glucosamine and ribitol (anhydroribitol); PG contained lysine, glutamic acid, glycine alanine, glucosamine and muramic acid; whereas CW contained all of the above components [22], The preparations were suspended in sterile phos phate-buffered saline and PG and CW were treat ed with ultrasonication for 1 h as described pre viously [23].…”

Section: Cell Wall Fractions and Mitogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CW, PG and TA were obtained from S. aureus 845 as previously described [22]. Briefly, cells were disrupted in a Mickle disintegrator and pro teins and nucleic acids were removed from crude CW preparation by trypsin, RNA-se and DNA-se digestion to obtain purified CW (PG-TA com plex).…”

Section: Cell Wall Fractions and Mitogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitogenic Responsiveness of Mouse, Rat and Human Lymphocytes to <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Cell Wall, Teichoic Acid, and Peptidoglycan

Dziarski

Levinson³

1980

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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The mitogenic activity of Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan (PG), teichoic acid (TA) and cell wall (CW, a PG-TA complex) for mouse, rat and human lymphocytes was determined by measuring DNA synthesis. At optimal concentrations PG was the most potent mitogen, inducing maximum stimulation of mouse spleen lymphocytes on day 2 of culture, rat spleen lymphocytes on day 3, rat lymph node cells on day 2, human peripheral blood lymphocytes on day 5, and human cord blood lymphocytes on day 4. CW was less mitogenic than PG for mouse splenocytes and human peripheral and cord blood lymphocytes, with maximum stimulation occurring on days 2, 6 and 5, respectively. CW was not mitogenic for rat lymphocytes, and TA was not mitogenic for mouse, rat and human lymphocytes. At high concentrations CW and TA were cytotoxic, as indicated by markedly reduced thymidine uptake and low viability. PG was not toxic to lymphocytes. Our results suggest that TA when bound to PG can at high concentrations mask the mitogenic activity of PG and render CW cytotoxic.

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Section: Response Of Mouse Lymphocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cell Wall Fractions and Mitogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitogenic Responsiveness of Mouse, Rat and Human Lymphocytes to <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Cell Wall, Teichoic Acid, and Peptidoglycan

Dziarski

Levinson³

1980

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…The observation of a correlation between raised PG antibody levels and dual or late reactions was thus all the more interesting. The 24-h reaction to PG observed in animal experiments has been regarded up to now as a typical delayed-type hypersensitivity (4,5,22). However, in the opinion of other authors (66) 24-h reactions after prior early reactions are not necessarily to be interpreted as delayed-type hypersensitivity.…”

Section: Disgussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Studies on Bacterial Hypersensitivity in Man

Mayenburg

Düngemann

et al. 1982

Allergy

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The nature and extent of bacterially induced allergies are difficult to define. Since peptidoglycan, the main component of the cell wall of almost all bacteria, has been available in a highly purified, chemically and immunologically well‐defined form, investigation of the allergological significance of this cell component is feasible. Intracutaneous tests were carried out on 181 test, subjects with five different peptidoglycan (PG) preparations from Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis and Staphylococcus pyogenes. The results of the investigation were compared with the result of determination of serum PG antibodies and serum IgE concentrations. It was shown that test subjects with dual and late reactions to three three different staphylococcal PGs displayed significantly higher PG antibody titers than test subjects with negative reactions. Such a relationship could not he found with the cutaneous reactions to streptococcal PG. The total serum IgE values were very much higher in test subjects with immediate reactions to staphylococcal PG than in test subjects with a negative reaction. Typical Arthus reaction or late granulomatous reactions were not observed. Humoral antibodies are involved at least in part in the elicitation of dual and late reactions. Thus, there are interesting parallels to allergy to fungal spores and organic dusts.

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“…PG was isolated from S. aureus 845 cell walls by trichloroacetic acid extraction (12). Analysis of the chemical composition of PG revealed the presence of lysine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, glucosamine, and muramic acid (12), indicating no significant contamination with teichoic acid, proteins, nucleic acids, or other cell components. Accidental contamination with exogenous endotoxins was ruled out by toxicity tests in adrenalectomized mice (10).…”

Section: Downloaded Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcal peptidoglycan: T-cell-dependent mitogen and relatively T-cell-independent polyclonal B-cell activator of human lymphocytes

Levinson¹,

Dziarski²,

Zweiman³

et al. 1983

Infect Immun

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Staphylococcal cell wall products have been widely examined as probes for dissection of in vitro human immune responses. Mitogenic and polyclonal B-cellactivating properties have been attributed to intact cell walls or the protein A constituent thereof. We now report that staphylococcal peptidoglycan (PG), the major cell wall constituent, is not only a potent mitogen but also a polyclonal Bcell activator for human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM). PG-induced proliferative responses of human PBM were comparable to that observed in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cultures. As was true for pokeweed mitogen, PGinduced proliferation required the presence of T-cell help. Cultures of human PBM with PG also resulted in B-cell differentiation as reflected by an increase in numbers of immunoglobulin-secreting cells in stimulated cultures. In contrast to the proliferative response, PG-induced B-cell differentiation was relatively T-cell independent. This point became apparent when B-cell fractions were partially depleted of excessive numbers of monocytes before culture. Also, B-cell proliferation did not appear to be a major prerequisite for PG-induced B-cell differentiation responses. These data indicate that PG is a potent T-cell-dependent mitogen and relatively T-cell-independent polyclonal B-cell activator of human lymphocytes.

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Effects of Staphylococcal Cell Wall Products on Immunity

Cited by 9 publications

References 115 publications

Mitogenic Responsiveness of Mouse, Rat and Human Lymphocytes to <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Cell Wall, Teichoic Acid, and Peptidoglycan

Mitogenic Responsiveness of Mouse, Rat and Human Lymphocytes to <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Cell Wall, Teichoic Acid, and Peptidoglycan

Studies on Bacterial Hypersensitivity in Man

Staphylococcal peptidoglycan: T-cell-dependent mitogen and relatively T-cell-independent polyclonal B-cell activator of human lymphocytes

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