Effects of Standard Cigarette and Nicotine-Less Cigarette Smoke Inhalings on Nicorandil Plasma Levels in Rats

Gomita, Yutaka; Eto, Kohei; Furuno, Katsushi; Araki, Yasunori

doi:10.1159/000138679

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The plasma ISDN concentrations in the N R and the ST groups after the drug was orally administered were lower than in the control group. This is the same pattern of results as found previously for nicorandil (Gomita et al 1990). Thus, the alterations of ISDN concentrations can be attributed in large part to components of cigarette smoke other than nicotine.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Influence of standard and nicotine-reduced cigarette smoke on plasma concentrations of isosorbide dinitrate and its metabolites in rats

Gomita

Furuno

Araki

1991

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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Rats dosed orally with isosorbide dinitrate (1 mg kg-1) were exposed to smoke from standard and nicotine-reduced cigarettes for 8 min using a smoking machine. Plasma concentrations of isosorbide dinitrate and 5-isosorbide mononitrate, one of its major metabolites were approximately equal in the exposed groups, but were lower than in the non-smoking control group. The 2-isosorbide mononitrate concentration was also lower in the group exposed to smoke from standard cigarettes. Since the pharmacokinetics were influenced by smoke from both types of cigarette smoke, the effect may be attributed in large part to non-nicotine components of the smoke.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Influence of standard and nicotine-reduced cigarette smoke on plasma concentrations of isosorbide dinitrate and its metabolites in rats

Gomita

Furuno

Araki

1991

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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“…Rats were exposed to cigarette smoke in the chamber of a Hamburg II Smoking Machine (Borgwaldt, Germany), as described previously. 7,8 A cigarette named 'Long-Peace' (Japan Tobacco Inc., Tokyo, Japan) was used in the present study. The nicotine and tar contents of these cigarettes were 2.4 and 24 mg/cigarette, respectively.…”

Section: Exposure To Cigarette Smokementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exposure to cigarette smoke at different dose levels on extensor digitorum longus muscle fibres in Wistar‐Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats

Nakatani

Nakashima

Kita

et al. 2003

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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1. The fibre type distributions, cross-sectional areas (CSA) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities in the deep (EDLd) and superficial (EDLs) regions of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were determined after exposure to cigarette smoke at three different dose levels using a smoking machine. 2. Rats were exposed to cigarette smoke at a rate of 15 puffs/min for 20 min/day with 23 cigarettes (low-dose level), 26 cigarettes (medium-dose level) or 30 cigarettes (high-dose level) for 8 weeks. 3. No changes in fibre type distribution, CSA or SDH activity were observed after exposure to cigarette smoke at the low- and medium-dose levels, irrespective of the muscle region or strain. 4. No change in fibre type distribution was observed after exposure to cigarette smoke at the high-dose level, irrespective of the muscle region or strain. A decreased CSA of type IIA and type IIB fibres in EDLd and increased SDH activity of all types of fibres in EDLd and EDLs were observed in WKY rats after exposure to cigarette smoke at the high-dose level. In addition, a decreased CSA of type IIB fibres in EDLd and type IIA and type IIB fibres in EDLs and increased SDH activity of type IIB fibres in EDLd were observed in SHR after exposure to cigarette smoke at the high-dose level. 5. The smaller CSA and higher SDH activity of fibres in EDL observed in WKY rats and SHR after exposure to cigarette smoke at the high-dose level, but not at the low- and medium-dose levels, are adaptive responses, indicating that heavy cigarette smoke affects the morphological and metabolic properties of fibres in skeletal muscle.

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“…They develop COPD-like lesions and emphysema-like airspace enlargement within a few months of active CS exposure. By contrast, rat strains seem to be more resistant to the induction of emphysema-like lesions [80][81][82][83]. Equally, animal sex has been reported as a confounding factor in COPD susceptibility.…”

Section: Smoke Exposure Modelsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Animal Models of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chow¹,

Smith²,

Chokshi³

et al. 2018

COPD - An Update in Pathogenesis and Clinical Management

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death in the USA and currently there are minimal therapies specific for the treatment of COPD. To advance our knowledge on COPD pathogenesis and develop new therapeutics, animal models are needed that represent key clinical and pathologic features of the human disease. The primary animal models utilized to study COPD rely on several factors associated with disease progression, i.e. genetic and epigenetic changes, environmental exposures and the microbial flora of the lungs. Here, a systematic approach was taken to summarize and evaluate the current animal models employed to study COPD pathogenesis, comorbidities and exacerbations. The strengths and limitations of these disease models are also delineated. The rodent COPD models have been extensively utilized but several studies have highlighted the potential of larger animals as an additional approach. Due to the inherent heterogeneity of COPD, the usefulness of certain animal models may be limiting but still represent helpful means to explore gene functional studies, testing new therapeutics and the exploring the significance of microbial floral changes. Therefore, interpreting the findings from animal models for the study of COPD represents a critical approach in deciding possible future human therapeutics.

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Effects of Standard Cigarette and Nicotine-Less Cigarette Smoke Inhalings on Nicorandil Plasma Levels in Rats

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Influence of standard and nicotine-reduced cigarette smoke on plasma concentrations of isosorbide dinitrate and its metabolites in rats

Influence of standard and nicotine-reduced cigarette smoke on plasma concentrations of isosorbide dinitrate and its metabolites in rats

Effects of exposure to cigarette smoke at different dose levels on extensor digitorum longus muscle fibres in Wistar‐Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats

Animal Models of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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