Effects of square-wave gratings and diffuse light on metabolic activity in the rat visual system

Rooney, B.J.; Cooper, R. M.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)91488-6

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Region Ocl M (area 17) receives contralateral monocular input, whereas region Oc2L corresponds to area 18a, which surrounds area 17 laterally (Krieg, 1946;Paxinos and Watson, 1982;Sefton and Dreher, 1985;Thurlow and Coo per, 1988). The intact eye was stimulated by placing an enucleated rat in a lit box whose walls were marked by black and white stripes (Rooney and Cooper, 1988). One group of animals in which rC MRglc was measured were studied in the dark.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intact eye was stimulated by placing the rat in a lit box whose sides displayed a black and white striped pattern (Rooney and Cooper, 1988), except in one group of rats placed in the dark.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The walls, floor, and ceiling were covered with high-contrast black and white, horizontal and vertical intersecting stripes of various widths (Rooney and Cooper, 1988). The walls and ceiling were back-lit with three 100 -W lights, to give a brightness of 1,500 Lux.…”

Section: Visual Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

In vivo Cerebral Incorporation of Radiolabeled Fatty Acids after Acute Unilateral Orbital Enucleation in Adult Hooded Long-Evans Rats

Wakabayashi

Freed

Bell

et al. 1994

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We examined effects of acute unilateral enucleation on incorporation from blood of intravenously injected unsaturated [1-14C]arachidonic acid ([14C]AA) and [1-14C]docosahexaenoic acid ([14C]DHA), and of saturated [9,10-3H]palmitic acid ([3H]PA), into visual and nonvisual brain areas of awake adult Long-Evans hooded rats. Regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRglc) values also were assessed with 2-deoxy-d-[1-14C]glucose ([14C]DG). One day after unilateral enucleation, an awake rat was placed in a brightly lit visual stimulation box with black and white striped walls, and a radiolabeled fatty acid was infused for 5 min or [14C]DG was injected as a bolus. [14C]DG also was injected in a group of rats kept in the dark for 4 h. Fifteen minutes after starting an infusion of a radiolabeled fatty acid, or 45 min after injecting [14C]DG, the rat was killed and the brain was prepared for quantitative autoradiography. Incorporation coefficients k* of fatty acids, or rCMRglc values, were calculated in homologous brain regions contralateral and ipsilateral to enucleation. As compared with ipsilateral regions, rCMRglc was reduced significantly (by as much as - 39%) in contralateral visual areas, including the superior colliculus, lateral geniculate body, and layers I, IV, and V of the primary (striate) and secondary (association, extrastriate) visual cortices. Enucleation did not affect incorporation of [3H]PA into contralateral visual regions, but reduced incorporation of [14C]AA and of [14C]DHA by - 18.5 to - 2.1%. Percent reductions were correlated with percent reductions in rCMRglc in most but not all regions. No effects were noted at any of nine nonvisual structures that were examined. These results indicate that enucleation acutely reduces neuronal activity in contralateral visual areas of the awake rat and that the reductions are coupled to reduced incorporation of unsaturated fatty acids into sn-2 regions of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Reduced fatty acid incorporation likely reflects reduced activity of phospholipases A2 and/or phospholipase C.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

In vivo Cerebral Incorporation of Radiolabeled Fatty Acids after Acute Unilateral Orbital Enucleation in Adult Hooded Long-Evans Rats

Wakabayashi

Freed

Bell

et al. 1994

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A piece of paper with alternating black-and-white stripes was glued to the back of the lens so that the dispersed light exiting the cable lead to a larger viewing angle and at the same time created better spatial contrast. The method has been shown to enhance responsiveness of primary visual cells in the rat [39]. Given the distance between the illuminated lens and the eyes (i.e., ~2.3 cm), we could then estimate the angle in the visual field subtended by each stimulus.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tactile and Non-tactile Sensory Paradigms for fMRI and Neurophysiologic Studies in Rodents

Sanganahalli¹,

Bailey²,

Hermán³

et al. 2009

Methods in Molecular Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become a popular functional imaging tool for human studies. Future diagnostic use of fMRI depends, however, on a suitable neurophysiologic interpretation of the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal change. This particular goal is best achieved in animal models primarily due to the invasive nature of other methods used and/or pharmacological agents applied to probe different nuances of neuronal (and glial) activity coupled to the BOLD signal change. In the last decade, we have directed our efforts towards the development of stimulation protocols for a variety of modalities in rodents with fMRI. Perception of the natural world relies on the formation of multi-dimensional representation of stimuli impinging on the different sensory systems, leading to the hypothesis that a sensory stimulus may have very different neurophysiologic outcome(s) when paired with a near simultaneous event in another modality. Before approaching this level of complexity, reliable measures must be obtained of the relatively small changes in the BOLD signal and other neurophysiologic markers (electrical, blood flow) induced by different peripheral stimuli. Here we describe different tactile (i.e., forepaw, whisker) and non-tactile (i.e., olfactory, visual) sensory paradigms applied to the anesthetized rat. The main focus is on development and validation of methods for reproducible stimulation of each sensory modality applied independently or in conjunction with one another, both inside and outside the magnet. We discuss similarities and/or differences across the sensory systems as well as advantages they may have for studying essential neuroscientific questions. We envisage that the different sensory paradigms described here may be applied directly to studies of multi-sensory interactions in anesthetized rats, en route to a rudimentary understanding of the awake functioning brain where various sensory cues presumably interrelate.

show abstract

“…In each study, one eye was covered with an opaque patch prior to Mn 2+ administration and visual stimulation of awake and free-moving rats and data from several structures – the central retina, dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), superior colliculus (SC), and visual cortices – were collected within the same animal. This approach takes advantage of the highly lateralized rat visual system – the dLGN and primary visual cortex receive little information from the ipsilateral eye (for review, see Paxinos, 1985) – permitting functional study of the retina and brain on a within-subjects basis (Rooney and Cooper, 1988). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Same-session functional assessment of rat retina and brain with manganese-enhanced MRI

Bissig

Berkowitz

2011

NeuroImage

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) is a powerful non-invasive approach for objectively measuring either retina or binocular visual brain activity in vivo. In this study, we investigated the sensitivity of MEMRI to monocular stimulation using a new protocol for providing within-subject functional comparisons in the retina and brain in the same scanning session. Adult Sprague Dawley or Long–Evans rats had one eye covered with an opaque patch. After intraperitoneal Mn2+ administration on the following day, rats underwent visual stimulation for 8 h. Animals were then anesthetized, and the brain and each eye examined by MEMRI. Function was assessed through pairwise comparisons of the patched (dark-adapted) versus unpatched (light-exposed) eyes, and of differentially-stimulated brain structures – the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, superior colliculus, and visual cortical regions – contralateral to the patched versus unpatched eye. As expected, Mn2+ uptake was greater in the outer retina of dark-adapted, relative to light-exposed, eyes (P<0.05). Contralateral to the unpatched eye, significantly more Mn2+ uptake was found throughout the visual brain regions than in the corresponding structures contralateral to the patched eye (P<0.05). Notably, this regional pattern of activity corresponded well to previous work with monocular stimulation. No stimulation-dependent differences in Mn2+ uptake were observed in negative control brain regions (P>0.05). Post-hoc assessment of functional data by animal age and strain revealed no significant effects. These results demonstrate, for the first time, the acquisition of functional MRI data from the eye and visual brain regions in a single scanning session.

show abstract

Effects of square-wave gratings and diffuse light on metabolic activity in the rat visual system

Cited by 24 publications

References 36 publications

In vivo Cerebral Incorporation of Radiolabeled Fatty Acids after Acute Unilateral Orbital Enucleation in Adult Hooded Long-Evans Rats

In vivo Cerebral Incorporation of Radiolabeled Fatty Acids after Acute Unilateral Orbital Enucleation in Adult Hooded Long-Evans Rats

Tactile and Non-tactile Sensory Paradigms for fMRI and Neurophysiologic Studies in Rodents

Same-session functional assessment of rat retina and brain with manganese-enhanced MRI

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About