Effects of spray-dried animal plasma on growth performance, survival, feed utilization, immune responses, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Abstract

Spray-dried animal plasma (SDP) in feed for several animal species provides health benefits, but research about use of SDP in shrimp feed is very limited. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effects of dietary SDP on growth performance, feed utilization, immune responses, and prevention of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). In Experiment 1, the post-larvae were divided into five groups (four tank/group and 80 shrimp/tank) and fed four times daily diets with porcine SDP at 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6% of the diet for 45 days. In Experiment 2, the surviving shrimp from Experiment 1 were redistributed into six groups: four SDP groups as in Experiment 1 plus the positive and negative controls (four tank/group and 30 shrimp/tank). They were then challenged with V. parahaemolyticus by immersion at 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL and were fed with the same diets for another 4 days. In Experiment 1, shrimp fed 4.5% or 6% SDP diets had significantly higher body weight, survival rate, and improved feed conversion ratio. The immune parameters (total hemocyte count and phagocytic, phenoloxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities) of the shrimp fed 3–6% SDP diets also showed significant enhancement compared to the control. In Experiment 2, the survival rates of the 3–6% SDP groups were significantly higher than the positive control at day 4 after the immersion challenge. Likewise, the histopathological study revealed milder signs of bacterial infection in the hepatopancreas of the 3–6% SDP groups compared to the challenged positive control and 1.5% SDP groups. In conclusion, shrimp fed diets with SDP, especially at 4.5–6% of the diet, showed significant improvement in overall health conditions and better resistance to V. parahaemolyticus infection.

Spray-Dried Plasma Promotes Broiler Chick Growth by Enhancing Immune Surveillance

“…The d-ROM test is a standard for measuring pro-oxidant capacity as it measures the blood concentration of hydroperoxides, which belong to the reactive oxygen metabolites group. These hydroperoxides are produced by the oxidation of molecules such as amino acids, glucosides, peptides, lipids, and proteins that are present in spray-dried plasma [7]. Our pro-oxidant test results demonstrate that the level of oxidative stress decreased with increasing SDP supplementation, with SDP3 falling within the normal range similar to CX, while MX, SDP1, and SDP2 showed a low level of oxidative stress.…”

“…Spray-dried plasma contains biochemical components that influence metabolic processes as well as immune responses [7]. SDP can also serve as a suitable alternative to antibiotics in broiler chicken feed as it showed similar efficacy in reducing cecal Salmonella [13].…”

“…Spray-dried plasma (SDP) is an animal blood by-product rich in protein and derived from the blood of healthy porcine or bovine animals through the separation of plasma from whole blood using the centrifugation method [6]. SDP contains active components such as amino acids, enzymes, lipids, peptides, immunoglobulins, transferrin, fibrinogen, and growth factors, which play a role in diverse biochemical and immunological processes [7]. It has also been suggested that the immunoglobulin-rich fraction in plasma may be responsible for the beneficial effects attributed to SDP [8].…”

Chemical Composition and Functional Properties of Spray-Dried Animal Plasma and Its Contributions to Livestock and Pet Health: A Review

“…The inclusion of SDCP significantly elevated crude protein content of muscle, liver, and whole fish body. In Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), diets containing 4.5% to 6% SDAP significantly improved growth, feed conversion ratio, immune responses, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection [24]. The authors concluded that SDAP could potentially be applied in shrimp farming as an alternative to antibiotics.…”

“…In calves infected with Cryptosporidium parvum, bovine serum concentrate reduced fecal losses and returned villus surface area to normal values [23]. Also, in aquaculture, SDAP additive can improve the health conditions and enhance the disease resistance of aquatic animals [24]. Most studies have not reported interactions, suggesting an additive effect of SDAP to growth-promoting antibiotics.…”