Effects of spray-dried animal plasma and immunoglobulins on performance of early weaned pigs1,2

Abstract

Five experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) and spray-dried bovine plasma (SDBP) and their various molecular weight fractions on performance of pigs weaned at approximately 14 or 21 d of age. In addition, the efficacy of various levels of the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-rich fraction of SDPP and SDBP were evaluated. Experiment 1 evaluated the dietary addition of SDPP and three of its fractions (IgG-rich, albumin-rich, and low molecular weight fractions). Pigs fed SDPP grew faster and consumed more feed than the controls during the first week (P < 0.05). The IgG-rich fraction resulted in improvements in ADG and ADFI that were similar to those of pigs fed SDPP. The albumin-rich fraction had no effect on growth rate, but the low molecular weight fraction decreased feed intake as well as growth rate. Experiments 2 and 3 evaluated SDPP and graded levels of its IgG-rich fraction in pigs weaned at 21 or 14 d, respectively. In Exp. 2, pigs fed SDPP grew faster and consumed more feed than the controls during the first week (P < 0.05). Pig performance was enhanced with the addition of the IgG-rich fraction that provided 80% of the amount of IgG in the SDPP diet. In Exp. 3, there was no response to SDPP during the first week, but a positive growth response to SDPP (P < 0.01) occurred by the end of wk 2 (0 to 14 d). Feeding the IgG-rich fraction increased growth rate compared with controls (P < 0.05). Over the entire experiment, the greatest ADG occurred with the IgG-rich fraction that provided 128% of the amount of IgG provided by SDPP (quadratic; P < 0.05). Two additional experiments assessed feeding SDBP and bovine IgG-rich fractions to early weaned pigs. In Exp. 4, SDPP was superior to SDBP in stimulating growth and feed intake, but this difference did not occur in Exp. 5. In both experiments, the IgG fraction of bovine plasma seemed to be as effective at improving growth as SDPP and more effective than SDBP. The results indicate that both porcine and bovine plasma are beneficial to young pig performance during the first week after weaning and that the IgG fraction of plasma is the component that is responsible for the enhancement in growth rate and feed intake.

Effects of bovine serum concentrate, with or without supplemental micronutrients, on the growth, morbidity, and micronutrient status of young children in a low-income, peri-urban Guatemalan community

“…Contrary to our original hypotheses, the children's growth was not affected by consumption of either BSC or MMN. Previous studies found that BSC increased dietary intakes and rates of weight gain of domesticated farm animals, possibly because the IgG contained in the preparation reduced the incidence of infections (Weaver et al, 1995;Pierce et al, 2005). We are not aware of any relevant prior studies of BSC and growth in humans.…”

“…Experimental trials in newly weaned farm animals have demonstrated that incorporation of spray-dried bovine or porcine blood plasma into their feeds increases their dietary intakes and produces greater rates of weight gain compared with control diets (Weaver et al, 1995;Pierce et al, 2005), possibly because the higher concentrations of immunoglobulins in the plasma-fortified products protected against infection. We therefore proposed that similar benefits might occur in young children in populations that experience high rates of diarrhea and other infections.…”

Dietary supplementation with ovine serum immunoglobulin attenuates acute effects on growth, organ weights, gut morphology and intestinal mucin production in the growing rat challenged with Salmonella enteritidis

“…0.05) by dietary treatment, they suggested that SDPP and SDAP contain specific anti-ETEC antibodies, which is one of the factors responsible for its superior growth-enhancing effects in the presence of pathogen challenge. Pierce et al (2005) conducted a comprehensive study examining the effects of dietary SDPP, SDBP (spray-dried bovine plasma), porcine Ig and bovine Ig in healthy, earlyweaned piglets and showed that all Ig preparations resulted in higher growth rates. They concluded that the improved growth performance was due to a nutrient-sparing effect as a result of the action of the consumed Ig.…”

“…All diets exceeded the recommended nutrient requirement levels for the growing rat for all nutrients (National Research Council, NRC, 1995). The FDOI and IOI fractions were included in the respective diets at a concentration approximately equal to the amount of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) IgG used in previous studies (Pierce et al, 2005;Balan et al, 2009 Values for nutrients were from chemical analysis except for carbohydrate that was calculated by difference using the formula (100 2 (moisture 1 ether extract 1 ash 1 CP) 5 carbohydrate).…”

Natural alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in pig production: can immunomodulators play a role?

“…Spray-dried animal plasmas are characterised by a rich protein content, whose digestibility and amino acid composition are similar to those of the proteins in sow's milk (van Dijk et al, 2001), and whose Igs content can represent 24% to 25% (Niewold et al, 2007). Plasma from both bovine and porcine origins seem efficient in improving performances of piglets, and the IgG fraction would appear to be the main component responsible for the growth-promoting properties for these products (Pierce et al, 2005). The Igs may prevent viruses and bacteria from interacting with the gut wall, resulting in an improvement of gut function (Coffey and Cromwell, 2001).…”