Effects of speed and accuracy strategy on choice step execution in response to the flanker interference task

Uemura, Kazunori; Oya, Toshihisa; Uchiyama, Yasushi

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2013.07.007

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Similar postural adjustment errors have been observed previously during forward stepping when subjects were unsure about which limb to step with during choice reaction time step tasks (Patla et al 1993; Jacobs and Horak 2007; Cohen et al 2011). The error rates for the Younger-SB1 and Older-SB1 groups are consistent with error rates produced in younger adults during performance of forward stepping, where the direction of forward step was cued by directional arrows embedded in congruous and incongruous flankers (Uemura et al 2013a; Uemura et al 2013b). Specifically, the error rate when incongruous flankers were displayed was approximately 30% greater than the error rate when congruous flankers were shown.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…George et al 2007). In addition, several studies have detailed errors in the generation of initial postural responses when uncertainty about the appropriate postural response is created by presenting multiple stimulus-response options (Cohen et al 2011; Sparto et al 2013; Uemura et al 2013a; Uemura et al 2013b). However, the number of initial postural adjustment errors increase with age (Cohen et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Postural adjustment errors during lateral step initiation in older and younger adults

et al. 2014

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The purpose was to examine age differences and varying levels of step response inhibition on the performance of a voluntary lateral step initiation task. Seventy older adults (70 – 94 y) and twenty younger adults (21 – 58 y) performed visually-cued step initiation conditions based on direction and spatial location of arrows, ranging from a simple choice reaction time task to a perceptual inhibition task that included incongruous cues about which direction to step (e.g. a left pointing arrow appearing on the right side of a monitor). Evidence of postural adjustment errors and step latencies were recorded from vertical ground reaction forces exerted by the stepping leg. Compared with younger adults, older adults demonstrated greater variability in step behavior, generated more postural adjustment errors during conditions requiring inhibition, and had greater step initiation latencies that increased more than younger adults as the inhibition requirements of the condition became greater. Step task performance was related to clinical balance test performance more than executive function task performance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural adjustment errors during lateral step initiation in older and younger adults

et al. 2014

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“…Such a strategy can be imposed by giving specific instructions to the participants. In Uemura et al's (2013) study of the instructed prioritization of speed over accuracy in healthy young adults, the researchers observed a shorter RT, swing phase and total step execution time but a greater APA error rate under conflict resolution conditions, compared with the accuracy strategy [98]. However, the step error rate did not differ significantly as a function of the instructions.…”

Section: Gait Initiationmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…For example, in the particular case of a choice step execution task (i.e. a dual task involving gait initiation and a flanker interference task), the participants can choose to prioritize speed (motor task prioritization) or accuracy (cognitive task prioritization) or to aim at a speed-accuracy trade-off [98]. Such a strategy can be imposed by giving specific instructions to the participants.…”

Section: Gait Initiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction between cognition and motor control: A theoretical framework for dual-task interference effects on posture, gait initiation, gait and turning

Bayot

Dujardin

Tard

et al. 2018

Neurophysiologie Clinique

197

170

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Studies of dual tasks (i.e. situations during which an individual performs two tasks simultaneously) and the subsequent inter-task interference have shown that locomotion and posture involves motor and cognitive components. Dual tasks therefore constitute a promising avenue for improving the diagnosis, prevention and management of falls or cognitive impairment in populations at risk. However, tackling these major public health concerns with dual-task interventions requires a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying dual-task interference. In this context, we review (i) the main dual-task theories proposed to date and (ii) the factors that can influence dual-task interference effects in healthy young individuals and might therefore explain the current lack of consensus on the mechanisms of dual tasks. We also consider cognitive-motor dual tasks in which the motor task is a less frequently studied transition movement (such as gait initiation or turning), rather than only the often-studied gait and posture tasks. In general, the review focuses on the behavioral effects of dual tasking.

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“…The following events were extracted from the vertical force data: (1) APA onset: the first time when the difference in vertical force under the 2 feet increased by 5% of the participant's body weight; (2) APA errors: trials in which participants executed an APA in the incorrect direction, corrected themselves, and stepped with the correct foot [15]; (3) foot off: the first moment when the vertical force under either foot decreased to zero, and (4) foot contact: the first moment when the vertical force under the swing leg increased >10 N. Step execution time was calculated as the time from the cue to foot contact. Individual step execution phases were calculated based on the following criteria: (1) reaction phase: the time from cue to APA onset; (2) APA phase: the time from APA onset to foot off, and (3) swing phase: the time from foot off to foot contact [27,28]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Choice Stepping with Visual Interference Can Detect Prolonged Postural Preparation in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment at High Risk of Falling

Uemura

Hasegawa

Tougou

et al. 2015

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background/Aims: We aimed to clarify postural control deficits in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at high risk of falling by addressing the inhibitory process. Methods: This study involved 376 community-dwelling older adults with MCI. Participants were instructed to execute forward stepping on the side indicated by the central arrow while ignoring the 2 flanking arrows on each side (→→→→→, congruent, or →→←→→, incongruent). Initial weight transfer direction errors [anticipatory postural adjustment (APA) errors], step execution times, and divided phases (reaction, APA, and swing phases) were measured from vertical force data. Participants were categorized as fallers (n = 37) and non-fallers (n = 339) based on fall experiences in the last 12 months. Results: There were no differences in the step execution times, swing phases, step error rates, and APA error rates between groups, but fallers had a significantly longer APA phase relative to non-fallers in trials of the incongruent condition with APA errors (p = 0.005). Fallers also had a longer reaction phase in trials with the correct APA, regardless of the condition (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Analyses of choice stepping with visual interference can detect prolonged postural preparation as a specific falling-associated deficit in older adults with MCI.

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Effects of speed and accuracy strategy on choice step execution in response to the flanker interference task

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Postural adjustment errors during lateral step initiation in older and younger adults

Postural adjustment errors during lateral step initiation in older and younger adults

The interaction between cognition and motor control: A theoretical framework for dual-task interference effects on posture, gait initiation, gait and turning

Analysis of Choice Stepping with Visual Interference Can Detect Prolonged Postural Preparation in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment at High Risk of Falling

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