Effects of spatial scale and habitat on the diversity of diapausing wetland invertebrates

Freiry, Raquel Fontoura; Esquinatti, Fernanda Mara; Stenert, Cristina; Arenzon, Alexandre; Nielsen, Daryl L.; Maltchik, Leonardo

doi:10.3354/ab00666

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Hatchlings were determined to the finest resolution possible (species or genus level, sometimes morphotypes) under a microscope (model MIC-100, S ×20-40 magnification) after consultation with specialized literature (Elmoor-Loureiro, 1997;Koste, 1978). For preservation, we transferred hatchlings to 1.5-ml polypropylene microtubes with 4% formaldehyde (Rotifera), 80% ethanol and a drop of glycerin (Ostracoda) or 80% ethanol for the other groups (Freiry et al, 2016). Hatchling samples were stored at the Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems of UNISINOS.…”

Section: Laboratory Hydrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bet‐hedgers commit to the hedge: Zooplankton in ephemeral semiarid wetlands of tropical Brazil that widely spread risk

Pires

Vendramin

Medeiros

et al. 2023

Ecology

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Bet‐hedging is an ecological risk‐aversion strategy in which a population does not commit all its effort toward a single reproductive event or specific environmental condition, and instead spreads the risk to include multiple reproductive events or conditions. For aquatic invertebrates in dry wetlands, this often takes the form of some propagules hatching in the first available flood, while remaining propagules hatch in subsequent floods (the “hedge”); this better ensures that a subset of propagules will hatch in a flood of sufficient duration to successfully complete development. Harsh environmental conditions are believed to promote an increased reliance on bet‐hedging. Bet‐hedging studies have typically been restricted to single sites or single populations. Community‐level assessments may provide more robust support for the range of hatching strategies that exist in nature. Here, we tested whether freshwater zooplankton assemblages inhabiting ephemeral and unpredictable wetlands of a semiarid zone of tropical Brazil employ hatching strategies suggestive of bet‐hedging; few efforts have addressed bet‐hedging in the tropics where the unique conditions may influence the strategy. We collected dry sediments from six ephemeral wetlands, and flooded them across a sequence of three hydrations under similar laboratory conditions to assess whether hatching patterns conform to some of the predictions of the bet‐hedging theory. We found that taxa showing hatching patterns akin to bet‐hedging associated with delayed hatching numerically dominated the assemblages that emerged from dry sediments, although there was large heterogeneity in the hatching rate among sites and across taxa. While some populations distributed their hatching across all three floods and committed most of their hatching fraction to the first hydration, others committed as much or more effort to the second hydration (the “hedge”) or the third hydration (another substantial “hedge”). Thus, in the harsh study wetlands, hatching patterns akin to bet‐hedging associated with delayed hatching were common and occurred at multiple temporal scales. Our community assessment found that a commitment to the “hedge” was greater than the current theory would predict. Our findings have broader implications; bet‐hedger taxa seem especially well equipped to tolerate stress if conditions become harsher as environments change.

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Section: Laboratory Hydrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bet‐hedgers commit to the hedge: Zooplankton in ephemeral semiarid wetlands of tropical Brazil that widely spread risk

Pires

Vendramin

Medeiros

et al. 2023

Ecology

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show abstract

“…Many studies have analysed the β diversity of aquatic active communities, concluding that turnover is the main factor driving differences in spatial (between pond) β diversity (Atkinson et al, 2021; Fernández‐Aláez et al, 2020; Hill et al, 2021; Korhonen et al, 2010; Martins et al, 2019), but other studies have found nestedness as the main factor driving β diversity (Florencio et al, 2011; Gleason & Rooney, 2018; Pires et al, 2017). Only a few studies have assessed the β diversity of the egg bank, and they found turnover to be the main component driving β diversity (Declerck et al, 2011; Freiry et al, 2016; Freiry, Weber, et al, 2020). However, to our knowledge, no study has compared β diversity and its components between active communities in the early stages of the hydroperiod (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of crustacean and rotifer diversity and composition in a temporary pond metacommunity: Comparing results from field samples and a hatching experiment

et al. 2022

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Many aquatic invertebrates that inhabit temporary ponds produce resting forms to overcome the dry period, building up the egg bank. When the wet phase returns, the resting forms hatch and the community is restored, and then pioneer species may have a major influence on how the pond community will assemble. We aimed to evaluate the diversity of an initial pond metacommunity by comparing the early active metacommunity collected in the field and the egg bank metacommunity (by carrying out a hatching experiment) of 32 Mediterranean temporary ponds. We hypothesised that both metacommunities would be similar but also that species turnover may play an important role, and that γ diversity would be similar with both approaches. After the identification and counting of rotifers and crustaceans in both metacommunities (i.e. the field vs. the experiment) we performed a Partial Triadic Analysis comparing the field metacommunity with those corresponding to each of the eight times the hatching experiment was checked for hatchlings. Furthermore, we compared the field and experimental metacommunities with a PROTEST analysis and identified the taxa responsible for differences between metacommunities with a SIMPER analysis. We assessed γ diversity using a size‐based rarefaction curve and an evenness profile and explored β diversity and its components (turnover and nestedness) for the two metacommunities. Our experimental results showed differences in the temporal pattern of emergence between groups of organisms, with copepods, rotifers, and anostracans appearing first, but ostracods and rotifers reaching the highest diversity at the end of the experiment. The active and experimental pioneer metacommunities were similar according to a Procrustes analysis. Nevertheless, β diversity was high in both metacommunities and the differences among ponds and between both assemblages were mostly explained by species turnover. Both the active and experimental pond metacommunities showed some exclusive species that may be more difficult to uncover with only one type of approach. Furthermore, the high β diversity observed indicates that each temporary pond is an important contributor to γ diversity in the metacommunity. These results show that hatching experiments provide information that is complementary to standard sampling of the active community, and consequently is a useful tool to uncover pond biodiversity.

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Community structure and concordance patterns among zooplankton life stages in subtropical temporary ponds

et al. 2019

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Effects of spatial scale and habitat on the diversity of diapausing wetland invertebrates

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

Bet‐hedgers commit to the hedge: Zooplankton in ephemeral semiarid wetlands of tropical Brazil that widely spread risk

Bet‐hedgers commit to the hedge: Zooplankton in ephemeral semiarid wetlands of tropical Brazil that widely spread risk

An evaluation of crustacean and rotifer diversity and composition in a temporary pond metacommunity: Comparing results from field samples and a hatching experiment

Community structure and concordance patterns among zooplankton life stages in subtropical temporary ponds

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