Effects of Soybean Oil Emulsion and Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Stress Response and Immune Function After a Severely Stressful Operation

Furukawa, Katsunori; Tashiro, Tsuguhiko; Yamamori, Hideo; Takagi, Kazuya; Morishima, Yasuo; Sugiura, Toshiyuki; Otsubo, Yoshihisa; Hayashi, Naganori; Itabashi, Terumi; Sano, Wataru; Toyoda, Yasuyoshi; Nitta, Hiroshi; Nakajima, Nobuyuki

doi:10.1097/00000658-199902000-00014

Cited by 62 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Both pathways require cell-to-cell contact and rely on surface receptors for activation (35). Several studies report death receptor-mediated tumor cell apoptosis by NK cells (36), and physiologic stress was shown to suppress FasL-mediated NK activity (37,38). Indeed, the current study showed that the expression of FasL on NK cells decreased following surgery and that our drug treatment counteracted this effect.…”

Section: Sectionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Improving Survival Rates in Two Models of Spontaneous Postoperative Metastasis in Mice by Combined Administration of a β-Adrenergic Antagonist and a Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor

Glasner

Avraham

Rosenne

et al. 2010

The Journal of Immunology

213

177

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Clinical practice does not consider perioperative paracrine and neuroendocrine stress responses as risk factors for cancer recurrence, although recent animal studies provided supportive evidence. Suggested mechanisms include the effects of stress-hormones on tumor cells and on host physiology. In this study, in mice undergoing primary tumor excision, we tested the survival-enhancing potential of perioperative blockade of catecholamines and prostaglandins, and studied potential mediating mechanisms. C57BL/6J mice were inoculated intrafootpad with syngeneic B16F10.9-melanoma or Lewis lung carcinoma, and the paw was amputated when a developing tumor exceeded 100 μl. The clinically used β-adrenergic antagonist propranolol, and/or the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor etodolac, were administered once before amputation, and recurrence-free survival was monitored. In different studies, NK cytotoxicity, leukocytes' molecular functional markers, and vascular endothelial growth factor secretion by tumor cells were studied in the context of surgery and drug treatments. The findings indicated that the combination of propranolol and etodolac, but neither drug alone, significantly and markedly improved survival rates in both tumor models, and was as effective as established immunostimulatory agents (IL-12 and polyinosinic-polycytiylic acid). Surgery markedly reduced NK cytotoxicity and NK cell expression of Fas ligand and CD11a, reduced all circulating lymphocyte-subtype concentrations, and increased corticosterone levels. Propranolol and etodolac administration counteracted these perturbations. B16 and 3LL secreted vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro, but secretion was not affected by catecholamine agonists, prostaglandins, corticosterone, propranolol, or etodolac. Overall, propranolol and etodolac administration, which could be applied perioperatively in most cancer patients with minimal risk and low cost, has counteracted several immunologic and endocrinologic perturbations and improved recurrence-free survival rates in mice undergoing primary tumor excision.

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Section: Sectionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Improving Survival Rates in Two Models of Spontaneous Postoperative Metastasis in Mice by Combined Administration of a β-Adrenergic Antagonist and a Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor

Glasner

Avraham

Rosenne

et al. 2010

The Journal of Immunology

213

177

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“…Following evaluation of the title/abstract, 122 papers were deemed potentially relevant and obtained in full. Upon reading the full text of these 122 papers, 62 complied with the inclusion criteria and were included in the review (21,46,47,51,52,54,. The study details are provided in Appendix A (available upon request).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority (n=23) utilised ETF, with only 4 studies using ONS (84,104) or a combination of oral and tube routes (46,82). The type of cancer varied; most (n=24) were gastrointestinal (46,76,80,(82)(83)(84)(85)(86)90,93,98,(102)(103)(104)111,112,115,117,118,120,(123)(124)(125)127), with 3 studies on patients with head/neck (116,126) and liver cancer (122).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the methodology of individual RCTs was generally judged to be poorly described or planned (with regard to methods of randomisation, blinding and recording the number of drop-outs) with only 7 studies (75,80,82,88,96,104,120) scoring the top grade of 5 on the Jadad scale (68). The remaining RCTs scored 4 (n=3; (46,101,124) Table II. Dietary intake and clinical outcomes; data used in the meta-analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IL-6, IL-1, and TNF) (21) and attenuate progression of the acute-phase protein response e.g. C-reactive protein response (CRP) (40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49). Furthermore, an anti-tumour effect has been demonstrated, which is thought to occur through a number of mechanisms (50).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enteral (oral or tube administration) nutritional support and eicosapentaenoic acid in patients with cancer: A systematic review

Elia

Schueren

Garvey³

et al. 2006

Int J Oncol

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Abstract. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the efficacy and potential benefits of enteral nutritional support [oral nutritional supplements (ONS) or enteral tube feeding (ETF)], and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, free acid, ethyl esters or fish oil; provided as capsules or enriched ONS or ETF) in patients with cancer. Clinical studies were identified using electronic databases, and studies were selected according to predetermined criteria. For each treatment modality (chemo/radiotherapy, surgery, and palliative care), the comparisons of interest were nutritional support vs. routine care (no nutritional support), EPA supplement (capsule or enriched ONS or ETF) vs. routine care (no supplement or standard supplement), ETF vs. parenteral nutrition (PN). The reviewed outcomes were dietary intake, anthropometry, clinical (mortality, length of hospital stay, complications, and quality of life) and haematological/biochemical (white blood cell count, serum transferrin and albumin, CD3-positive lymphocytes, and inflammatory markers). Meta-analyses were performed where possible. In patients undergoing radiotherapy, meta-analysis showed that ONS significantly increase dietary intake (381 kcal/day, 95% CI 193 to 569 in 3 RCTs) compared to routine care. In patients undergoing surgery, meta-analyses showed that ETF results in a significantly shorter length of hospital stay (1.72 fewer days, 95% CI 0.90 to 2.54 in 8 RCTs), lower incidence of any complications (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.77 in 4 RCTs) and infectious complications (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.82 in 11 RCTs) and lower sepsis scores (2.21 points, 95% CI 1.49 to 2.92 in 2 RCTs), but no difference in mortality (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.29 in 7 RCTs) compared to PN. There was also no difference in mortality between ONS or ETF vs. routine care in patients undergoing chemotherapy/radiotherapy (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.62-1.61 in 4 RCTs) or surgery (OR 2.44, 95% CI 0.75 to 7.95 in 4 RCTs). Individual studies of EPA supplementation as capsules showed improvements in survival, complications and inflammatory markers in patients undergoing bone marrow transplant (BMT). In palliative care patients receiving EPA-enriched ONS or capsules, there were inconsistent positive effects on survival and quality of life. In those undergoing surgery, EPA-enriched ETF had no effect. Further research is required to elucidate the clinical efficacy of enteral nutrition support, including the potential benefits of EPA supplementation, in patients with cancer.

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Improved body weight and performance status and reduced serum PGE₂ levels after nutritional intervention with a specific medical food in newly diagnosed patients with esophageal cancer or adenocarcinoma of the gastro‐esophageal junction

Faber

Uitdehaag

Spaander

et al. 2015

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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BackgroundThe majority of cancer patients loses weight and becomes malnourished during the course of their disease. Metabolic alterations and reduced immune competence lead to wasting and an increased risk of infectious complications. In the present study, the effect of a nutritionally complete medical food, which is high in protein and leucine and enriched with fish oil and specific oligosaccharides, was investigated on immune function, nutritional status, and inflammation in patients with esophageal cancer and compared with routine care.MethodsIn this exploratory double-blind study, 64 newly diagnosed esophageal cancer patients were randomized. All patients received dietary counselling and dietary advice. In the Active group, all patients received the specific medical food for 4 weeks before the start of anticancer therapy. In the routine care control arm, patients with <5% weight loss received a non-caloric placebo product, and patients with weight loss ≥5% received an iso-caloric control product to secure blinding of the study. The required study parameters of body weight and performance status were recorded at baseline and after 4 weeks of nutritional intervention, and patients were asked to complete quality of life questionnaires. In addition, blood samples were taken for the measurement of several immune, nutritional, and safety-parameters.ResultsNo effect of the specific nutritional intervention could be detected on ex vivo stimulations of blood mononuclear cells. By contrast, body weight was significantly increased (P < 0.05) and ECOG performance status was improved after intervention with the specific medical food (P < 0.05). In addition, serum Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were significantly decreased in the specific medical food group and increased in the control group (P = 0.002).ConclusionsNutritional intervention with the specific medical food significantly increased body weight and improved performance status compared with routine care in newly diagnosed esophageal cancer patients. This effect was accompanied by significantly reduced serum PGE2 levels.

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Effects of Soybean Oil Emulsion and Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Stress Response and Immune Function After a Severely Stressful Operation

Abstract: Soybean oil emulsion amplifies, and the supplementation of EPA reduces, the stress response and stress-induced immunosuppression.

Cited by 62 publications

References 23 publications

Improving Survival Rates in Two Models of Spontaneous Postoperative Metastasis in Mice by Combined Administration of a β-Adrenergic Antagonist and a Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor

Improving Survival Rates in Two Models of Spontaneous Postoperative Metastasis in Mice by Combined Administration of a β-Adrenergic Antagonist and a Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor

Enteral (oral or tube administration) nutritional support and eicosapentaenoic acid in patients with cancer: A systematic review

Improved body weight and performance status and reduced serum PGE₂ levels after nutritional intervention with a specific medical food in newly diagnosed patients with esophageal cancer or adenocarcinoma of the gastro‐esophageal junction

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Effects of Soybean Oil Emulsion and Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Stress Response and Immune Function After a Severely Stressful Operation

Abstract: Soybean oil emulsion amplifies, and the supplementation of EPA reduces, the stress response and stress-induced immunosuppression.

Cited by 62 publications

References 23 publications

Improving Survival Rates in Two Models of Spontaneous Postoperative Metastasis in Mice by Combined Administration of a β-Adrenergic Antagonist and a Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor

Improving Survival Rates in Two Models of Spontaneous Postoperative Metastasis in Mice by Combined Administration of a β-Adrenergic Antagonist and a Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor

Enteral (oral or tube administration) nutritional support and eicosapentaenoic acid in patients with cancer: A systematic review

Improved body weight and performance status and reduced serum PGE2 levels after nutritional intervention with a specific medical food in newly diagnosed patients with esophageal cancer or adenocarcinoma of the gastro‐esophageal junction

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Product

Resources

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Improved body weight and performance status and reduced serum PGE₂ levels after nutritional intervention with a specific medical food in newly diagnosed patients with esophageal cancer or adenocarcinoma of the gastro‐esophageal junction