Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Biochemical Markers of Bone Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Kanadys, Wiesław; Barańska, Agnieszka; Błaszczuk, Agata; Polz‐Dacewicz, Małgorzata; Drop, Bartłomiej; Malm, Maria; Kanecki, Krzysztof

doi:10.3390/ijerph18105346

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Bone plays an important role in the formation of skeletons as well as blood cells and mineral metabolism in the body. As bone ages, bone minerals decrease and the risk of fracture increases [200]. Osteoporosis is almost always associated with women between the ages of 55 and 70 [201].…”

Section: Promotion Of Osteogenesis and The Prevention Of Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Perspectives on the Beneficial Effects of Soybean Isoflavones and Their Metabolites for Humans

Kim

2021

Antioxidants

153

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Soybeans are rich in proteins and lipids and have become a staple part of the human diet. Besides their nutritional excellence, they have also been shown to contain various functional components, including isoflavones, and have consequently received increasing attention as a functional food item. Isoflavones are structurally similar to 17-β-estradiol and bind to estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ). The estrogenic activity of isoflavones ranges from a hundredth to a thousandth of that of estrogen itself. Isoflavones play a role in regulating the effects of estrogen in the human body, depending on the situation. Thus, when estrogen is insufficient, isoflavones perform the functions of estrogen, and when estrogen is excessive, isoflavones block the estrogen receptors to which estrogen binds, thus acting as an estrogen antagonist. In particular, estrogen antagonistic activity is important in the breast, endometrium, and prostate, and such antagonistic activity suppresses cancer occurrence. Genistein, an isoflavone, has cancer-suppressing effects on estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) cancers, including breast cancer. It suppresses the function of enzymes such as tyrosine protein kinase, mitogen-activated kinase, and DNA polymerase II, thus inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Genistein is the most biologically active and potent isoflavone candidate for cancer prevention. Furthermore, among the various physiological functions of isoflavones, they are best known for their antioxidant activities. S-Equol, a metabolite of genistein and daidzein, has strong antioxidative effects; however, the ability to metabolize daidzein into S-equol varies based on racial and individual differences. The antioxidant activity of isoflavones may be effective in preventing dementia by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Alzheimer’s-related tau proteins. Genistein also reduces allergic responses by limiting the expression of mast cell IgE receptors, which are involved in allergic responses. In addition, they have been known to prevent and treat various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndromes, osteoporosis, diabetes, brain-related diseases, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and inflammation. Further, it also has positive effects on menstrual irregularity in non-menopausal women and relieving menopausal symptoms in middle-aged women. Recently, soybean consumption has shown steep increasing trend in Western countries where the intake was previously only 1/20–1/50 of that in Asian countries. In this review, I have dealt with the latest research trends that have shown substantial interest in the biological efficacy of isoflavones in humans and plants, and their related mechanisms.

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Section: Promotion Of Osteogenesis and The Prevention Of Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Perspectives on the Beneficial Effects of Soybean Isoflavones and Their Metabolites for Humans

Kim

2021

Antioxidants

153

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“…Genistein and Daidzein, the component of Isoflavone are able to increase alkaline phosphatase activity in cultured MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells and also activate nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) and mediate the PPAR gene to modulate osteoclast function [15,16]. In addition, Isoflavone can cause a reduction in bone turnover and increased osteoblastic activity through inhibition of both tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL- 2), another function is to assist the activation of vitamin D [17,18]. This study is in line with research conducted by Chi et al, where the study involved 40 women for 6 months with 90 mg/day of Isoflavones and caused an increase in a stronger descent of the concentration of ALP and a decrease of IL-6 and TNFα.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Non Soy Isoflavone Attenuates Bone Loss In The Menopausal Women

Indrawan

Wiyasa

Hidayat

et al. 2022

a-jhr

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Background: Identification and isolation of local non-soy isoflavone based on cow pea (Vigna unguiculata) by The Indonesian Menopause Society (PERMI) in Malang District, Indonesia No published studies have directly examined the effect of that non-soy isoflavone on bone mineral density in menopausal women. Objective: To determine the effect of 24 weeks' consumption of non-soy isoflavone (67,5 mg) to reduce osteoporotic bone loss in menopausal women. Design and Methods: Menopausal subjects were randomly assigned, double-blind to treatment: non-soy isoflavone (n-30), or placebo (n-30). At baseline and posttreatment, bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by using quantitative ultrasonography. Collected data were analyzed by Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Results: There were no differences in BMD changes between the treatment and placebo group for 24 weeks intervention. The mean of BMD changes in treatment group were 0,952 (p-value 0,006, SE-0,221) from baseline, and the placebo group had mean at -0,768 (p-value -0,006, SE-0,212). Despite this, coffee as the concomitant variable had a significant effect on BMD changes (p value=0,43) at 3rd-month evaluation, but not in 6 months. Participant compliance is good. Conclusion: Non-soy Isoflavone attenuates bone loss in menopausal women. Keywords: non-soy, phytoestrogen, osteoporosis, postmenopausal women

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“…Phytoestrogens reduce bone loss during menopause. In a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, soy isoflavones were found to have beneficial effects on markers of bone formation; however, extensive multicenter studies are required to confirm these findings, as suggested by the authors [110].…”

Section: Experimental and Clinical Studies With Soy Phytoestrogensmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Beneficial and Adverse Effects of Phytoestrogens

Blázovics¹,

Csorba²,

Ferencz³

2022

OBM ICM

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The most well-known phytoestrogens (flavonoids, isoflavonoids, lignans, coumestans, stilbenes, and prenylflavonoids) are isoflavonoids, which are important active ingredients in medicinal and food plants. They are highly abundant in the Fabaceae family. More than 1,000 types of isoflavonoids have been isolated from nearly 300 kinds of plants, and more are being discovered through modern analytical methods. Glycosides O and C of isoflavonoids are poorly absorbed in the intestine. They are converted by bacterial esterases and/or β-glycosidase enzymes to aglycones, which are absorbed more efficiently. Their bioavailability shows significant differences due to variation in the intestinal microflora of various races. The compounds formed during their biotransformation are structurally similar to estrogens. In Traditional Chinese medicine, several herbs rich in phytoestrogens are used to prevent and cure various diseases, such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, tumors, and inflammation; additionally, 185 herbs are used to treat menopausal symptoms. Some of these herbs can be used to alleviate the unpleasant symptoms of menopause and treat breast and prostate cancer. From a nutritional physiology perspective, the consumption of Glycine max and Vigna unguiculata should be emphasized. Soy has been consumed in China for about 5,000 years while it was introduced to Europe nearly 300 years ago. Soybean cultivation in Hungary dates back only 100 years. The assessment of the efficacy of phytoestrogens is unclear. Although several experimental and molecular biology studies have shown favorable results, studies on humans have not shown prominent therapeutic benefits. However, comparing and interpreting the findings of modern studies might elucidate the therapeutic utility of phytoestrogens.

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Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Biochemical Markers of Bone Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Cited by 20 publications

References 94 publications

Current Perspectives on the Beneficial Effects of Soybean Isoflavones and Their Metabolites for Humans

Current Perspectives on the Beneficial Effects of Soybean Isoflavones and Their Metabolites for Humans

Local Non Soy Isoflavone Attenuates Bone Loss In The Menopausal Women

The Beneficial and Adverse Effects of Phytoestrogens

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