Effects of sonication on electrode surfaces and metal particles

Madigan, Nanette A.; Hagan, Carolynne R. S.; Zhang, Honghua; Coury, Louis A.

doi:10.1016/s1350-4177(96)00032-6

Cited by 41 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…When glassy carbon electrodes were sonicated in water using high intensity (475 W) and very short distance (2 mm) a dramatic change of the electrode surface by pitting was noticeable; by contrast, however, surface roughness did not change appreciably when sonication was carried out in an organic solvent such as dioxane [47]. The explanation for this lies in the difference in cavitation collapse energy between the two solvents.…”

Section: Stability Of the Electrodes Under Sonicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The erosion process can change the surface area of the electrode and so the hardness of the electrode material becomes an important consideration. Madigan et al [48] reported a study relating to the effects of sonication on common electrodes surfaces at low frequencies (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30), including both metals and non-metals [47], analysing the surface after ultrasonic treatment sonication by scanning electron microscopy. Applying an ultrasonic irradiation of 475 W at 20 kHz for 120 s and using 1 mm electrode surface-ultrasound horn distance, non-metals such as glassy carbon and Ebonex were severely pitted in aqueous media.…”

Section: Stability Of the Electrodes Under Sonicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several analyses about the effects of an ultrasound field on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode have been reported in the literature [33,47]. When glassy carbon electrodes were sonicated in water using high intensity (475 W) and very short distance (2 mm) a dramatic change of the electrode surface by pitting was noticeable; by contrast, however, surface roughness did not change appreciably when sonication was carried out in an organic solvent such as dioxane [47].…”

Section: Stability Of the Electrodes Under Sonicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An Introduction to Sonoelectrochemistry

Mason

Bernal

2012

Power Ultrasound in Electrochemistry

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Section: Stability Of the Electrodes Under Sonicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stability Of the Electrodes Under Sonicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stability Of the Electrodes Under Sonicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An Introduction to Sonoelectrochemistry

Mason

Bernal

2012

Power Ultrasound in Electrochemistry

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“…Investigation of sonochemical events and electrochemical systems were …rst been undertaken by Coury and his group [23][24][25][26][27]. These are high intensity studies undertaken with an electrode placed in a solution where cavitation is generated with a high intensity device, a sonic horn.…”

Section: Estimates Of the Energy Include Extreme Temperatures And Prementioning

confidence: 99%

Thin layer sonoelectrochemistry

Duda¹

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This research exploits mild sonication in a thin layer electrochemical cell to enhance rates of reaction in systems under voltammetric perturbation. Sound waves propagate through a thin layer of condensed ‡uid to provide energy to the electrode solution interface in the form of pressure and temperature. The sonic energy provided in three dimensions can be exploited to enhance rates of heterogeneous electron transfer as the energy is harnessed at the two dimensional electrode interface. Enhanced rates of heterogeneous electron transfer are of interest both for fundamental reasons and for exploitation in electrochemical energy systems.The initial pilot studies were directed at demonstrating the impact of acoustic energy on heterogenous electron transfer. Redox couples with di¤erent electron transfer rates were evaluated. Whereas compounds with reversible electron transfer kinetics demonstrated little improvement, redox couples such as ferric ion (Fe 3+ ) with slow electron transfer kinetics exhibited an increase in the standard heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant, k 0 with an increase in acoustic energy.The reduction of oxygen is a complex four proton, four electron process that is of technological importance. Slow kinetics of the oxygen reduction is a primary loss of e¢ ciency in electrochemical power sources. Much like the ferric ion, oxygen kinetic rats improve. Preliminary studies in the oxidation of methanol demonstrated a sonocatalyic e¤ect in methanol electrolysis that is of particular interest for the development of liquid based fuel cells.Sonication can both clean and destroy surface materials. The cleaning power inherent in sonication improves electrocatalysis and removes deposits and oxides 2 from the electrode surface. Abstract Approved:Thesis Supervisor

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“…Investigation of sonochemical events and electrochemical systems were …rst been undertaken by Coury and his group [23][24][25][26][27]. These are high intensity studies…”

Section: Estimates Of the Energy Include Extreme Temperatures And Prementioning

confidence: 99%

Thin Layer Sonoelectrochemistry

Duda,

Null,

Leddy

2014

Meet. Abstr.

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Ultrasound irradiation of electrodes in a thin electrolyte layer improves heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics.1,2 A bulk fluid irradiated with ultrasonic energy of sufficient intensity generates bubbles by compression and rarefaction. On bubble collapse, extremes of temperature (T ≳ 5000 K) and pressure (P ≳ 10³ atm) are generated at the narrow interface between the fluid and bubble void3. In bulk fluids, ultrasound enhances transport and impacts homogeneous reactions, but the energy attenuates. In prior sonoelectrochemical studies (first by Coury), bulk electrolyte was irradiated with sufficient ultrasonic intensity to generate cavitation. Cavitation increased homogeneous reaction rates, transport, and turbulence. No effects on heterogeneous electron transfer were found. In a thin layer sonoelectrochemical system (Figure 1), heterogeneous electron transfer rates increase. Thin layers have two advantages for harvesting sound energy2. Sound waves reflect back into the thin layer | air interface to retain energy. Losses from attenuation are less within thin layers. No frank cavitation is observed in thin layers. Electrolyte fills the well to form a meniscus. Cyclic voltammograms are recorded for each Ru(bpy)3 2+ and Fe3+ with and without sonication (Figure 2). Sonication intensity can be varied. Sonication has no impact on the voltammetry for Ru(bpy)3 2+ for which electron transfer rates are rapid compared to the scan rate. Sonication does not impact transport. Rates of Fe3+ reduction increases with sonication intensity, as shown by the more rapid rise in current on sonication. Peak potentials shift because the reference is shifting. Where rates are slow, sonication increases heterogeneous electron transfer rates without significantly impact on diffusional transport1. References and Acknowledgments: Support of the National Science Foundation and the University of Iowa is gratefully acknowledged. With thanks to Andrej Wieckowski for his explorations and contributions to understanding electrocatalysis. [1] Chester G. Duda, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Iowa, 2012. [2] J. Leddy, C.G. Duda, and W.J. Leddy III, Provisional U.S. Patent application, 2013. [3] K.S. Suslick, Y. Didenko, M.M. Fang, T. Hyeon, K.J. Kolbeck, M.M. Mdleleni, and M. Wong, Acoustic Cavitation, Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. A 1999.

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Effects of sonication on electrode surfaces and metal particles

Cited by 41 publications

References 29 publications

An Introduction to Sonoelectrochemistry

An Introduction to Sonoelectrochemistry

Thin layer sonoelectrochemistry

Thin Layer Sonoelectrochemistry

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