Effects of Some H1-Antagonists on the Sleep-Wake Cycle in Sleep-Disturbed Rats

Abstract

Abstract. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of some H 1 -antagonists on the sleep-wake cycle in sleep-disturbed rats in comparison with those of nitrazepam. Electrodes were chronically implanted into the frontal cortex and the dorsal neck muscle of rats for the electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG), respectively. EEG and EMG were recorded with an electroencephalograph. SleepSign ver. 2.0 was used for EEG and EMG analysis. The total times of waking, non-rapid eye movement (non-REM), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep were measured from 10:00 to 16:00. Nitrazepam showed a significant decrease in sleep latency, total waking time, and delta activity and an increase in the total non-REM sleep time. A significant decrease in the sleep latency was observed with diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, and cyproheptadine. Cyproheptadine also caused a significant decrease in the total waking time and increases in total non-REM sleep time, REM sleep time, slow wave sleep, and delta activity, although no remarkable effects were observed with diphenhydramine and chlorpheniramine. In conclusion, cyproheptadine can be useful as a hypnotic, having not only sleep inducing-effects, but also sleep quantity-and quality-increasing effects.

Characteristic Effects of Anti-dementia Drugs on Rat Sleep Patterns

“…From these findings, it is reasonable to conclude that donepezil caused sleep disturbance in animals. On the other hand, in a clinical study, Ancoli-Israel et al (8) showed that donepezil tended to worsen the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), used as an indicator of sleep quantity and quality; therefore, we studied the effect on delta activity during non-REM sleep to investigate sleep quality in rats (15,21). As shown in Table 2, donepezil caused a significant decrease in delta activity at 1 -2 h. As shown in Figs.…”

“…2.0. The power spectrum densities, integrated and averaged, could be divided into 4 frequency areas: delta wave (0.5 -4 Hz), theta wave (4 -8 Hz), alpha wave (8 -13 Hz), and beta wave (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). Delta activity (%) was calculated by the following equation: Delta activity (%) = delta wave power density in the drug administration period / delta wave power density in the vehicle administration period in each animal × 100.…”

Hypnotic and Sleep Quality–Enhancing Properties of Kavain in Sleep-Disturbed Rats

“…Tokunaga et al (24) also reported that diphenhydramine only had a sleep-inducing effect on sleep-disturbed rats. Furthermore, it has been reported that diphenhydramine shortened the sleep latency in humans (25).…”

Studies on Somnolence in the Daytime Caused by Drugs Used for Neuropathic Pain

“…2.0, according to the criteria previously described (13,14). As a final step, the defined sleepwake stages were examined visually, and corrected if…”