Effects of solutes on grain refinement of selected wrought aluminium alloys

Kearns, Martin; Cooper, P. S.

doi:10.1179/mst.1997.13.8.650

Cited by 59 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Preliminary analysis of D, versus 1/Q for all binary and multicomponent alloys yielded a linear relationship for grain size as D = 165 + 103/Q similar to the D = a + bQ À1 relationships previously determined. [18][19][20]22 However, because the nucleant density and potency would change significantly from one alloy system to another, the data were analyzed per alloy system.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of zinc, lithium, and indium on the grain size of magnesium

Becerra

Pekguleryuz

2009

J. Mater. Res.

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The grain size of magnesium solid-solution alloys with lithium, indium, and/or zinc has been determined. Lithium, indium, and zinc additions decreased the grain size, D, of magnesium solid-solution alloys cast in a copper mold. The most effective grain refinement was obtained by zinc. In binary Mg-Zn alloys, grain size is related to the growth restriction factor, Q as D = 94 + 312/Q. In Mg-Li and Mg-In binary alloys, grain size versus growth relationships described as D = a + b/Q indicated that these alloys have lower numbers of nucleants but with higher potency than the Mg-Zn binary system. For Mg-Li and especially Mg-In, grain size could be related to growth restriction as D = 383Q Àn with higher R 2 . Ternary and quaternary alloys based on Mg-Zn with Li and/or In additions also follow the D = a + b/Q relationship with the parameters indicating a larger number of lower potency nucleants than the Mg-Zn binary alloys. Electron probe microanalysis showed that Mg-Zn alloys exhibit pronounced and persistent grain-boundary enrichment of Zn, pointing toward Scheil solidification.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prediction of grain size from phase diagram parameters has been under investigation for some time. 19,20 Grain size, D, is related to the growth restriction factor, Q, which in turn is related to phase diagram parameters through:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of zinc, lithium, and indium on the grain size of magnesium

Becerra

Pekguleryuz

2009

J. Mater. Res.

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“…It is clear that CS is critically important in facilitating grain refinement of alloys and has been described recently in some detail [30]. It is very difficult, although not impossible, to obtain a fine-grained structure in a pure metal but is relatively easy in an alloy, and in general increased alloy content decreases the grain size [17, [43][44][45][46].…”

Section: Current Understanding: the Role Of Solute On Grain Refinementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in grain refinement of light metals and alloys

Easton

Qian

Prasad

et al. 2016

Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science

244

108

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Grain refinement leads, in general, to a decreased tendency to hot tearing, a more dispersed and refined porosity distribution, and improved directional feeding characteristics during solidification. Reduced as-cast grain size can also lead to improved mechanical properties and wrought processing by reducing the recrystallized grain size and achieving a fully recrystallized microstructure. It is now well established that the two key factors controlling grain refinement are the nucleant particles including their potency, size distribution and particle number density, and the rate of development of growth restriction, Q, generated by the alloy chemistry which establishes the undercooling needed to trigger nucleation events and facilitates their survival. The theories underpinning our current understanding of nucleation and grain formation are presented. The application of the latest theories to the light alloys of Al, Mg and Ti is explored as well as their applicability to a range of casting and solidification environments. In addition, processing by the application of physical processes such as external fields and additive manufacturing is discussed.To conclude, the current challenges for the development of reliable grain refining technologies for difficult to refine alloy systems will be presented.

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“…Furthermore, as listed in Table 2, the nucleation undercooling and recalescence increase with increasing Si content up to 9 wt%. As reported by Kearns et al [15], the constitutional undercooling of various types of solutes in the Al solution can be superimposed on each other. Although high-purity Al was used in this paper, trace amounts of Fe (6 ppm), Cu (8 ppm), Mg (4 ppm) and Ti (\ 1 ppm) are still present.…”

Section: Effects Of Si and Sr Elements On Solidification Microstructurementioning

confidence: 57%

Effects of Si and Sr elements on solidification microstructure and thermal conductivity of Al–Si-based alloys

et al. 2022

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Effects of Si and Sr on solidification microstructure and thermal conductivity of Al–Si binary alloys and Al–9Si–Sr ternary were investigated, respectively, with a special focus on the relationship between solidification microstructure and thermal conductivity. It was found that (i) in Al–Si binary alloys, with increasing Si content, α-Al grain size increases and then decreases when Si content is over 7 wt%, while the percentage of eutectic Si continuously increases, which significantly decreases the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, and (ii) in Al–9Si–Sr ternary alloys, the presence of Sr has no significant effect on α-Al grain, but effectively modifies eutectic Si and significantly improves the thermal and electrical conductivity. On this basis, two theoretical calculation models [the Maxwell model and the Hashin–Shtrikman (H–S) model] were used to elucidate the relationship between solidification microstructure and thermal conductivity. Compared with the Maxwell model, the H–S model fits better with the measured values. The obtained results are very helpful to the precise composition control during alloy design and recycling of Al–Si-based alloys with the aim to further improve the thermal conductivity of Al–Si-based alloys. Graphical abstract

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Effects of solutes on grain refinement of selected wrought aluminium alloys

Cited by 59 publications

References 8 publications

Effects of zinc, lithium, and indium on the grain size of magnesium

Effects of zinc, lithium, and indium on the grain size of magnesium

Recent advances in grain refinement of light metals and alloys

Effects of Si and Sr elements on solidification microstructure and thermal conductivity of Al–Si-based alloys

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