Effects of soil type, plant composition and leaching on soil nutrients following a simulated forest fire

Kutiel, Pua; Shaviv, A.

doi:10.1016/0378-1127(92)90051-a

Cited by 78 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…PinÄ yon-juniper woodlands are unique in that soil NH 4 remains a signi®cant portion of the available N for at least 3 years, while in most burned areas soil NH 4 is fully replaced by NO À 3 within 8 weeks (Kutiel and Shaviv 1992;Carreira et al 1994). The extended residence of NH 4 in pinÄ yon-juniper soils could be due to low precipitation rates (36.1 4.3 cm/year; Preston and Baldwin 1998) or its occurrence mostly in the winter months (3.6-fold more rain in the winter than in the spring ± National Climatic Center, Asheville, N.C., USA), a time of reduced microbial nitri®cation and N uptake by plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire, nitrogen, and defensive plasticity in Nicotiana attenuata

Lynds

Baldwin

1998

Oecologia

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Nicotiana attenuata is a post-fire annual that utilizes jasmonate-inducible nicotine production as an inducible chemical defense which, in turn, can utilize 6% of a plant' s nitrogen budget and be costly to seed production. We characterize the nitrogen pools of burned soils in the plant' s native environment (piñyon-juniper woodlands) and examine how variation in nitrogen source and supply rate influence the patterns of allocation to growth and inducible and constitutive nicotine production. Available soil nitrogen increases dramatically (40-fold) immediately after a fire and consists principally of ammonia which is subsequently oxidized to nitrate during post-fire succession. We simulate these changes in nitrogen availability in hydroponic culture and use allometric techniques to characterize changes in allocation. In two experiments, we alter (1) nitrate supply rates 8-fold and (2) the ratio of ammonia:nitrate under consistent nitrogen supply rates. In both experiments, we increase the allocation to nicotine by treating roots with methyl jasmonate (MJ), the methyl ester of the plant' s internal wound signal, jasmonic acid, which increases nicotine production in the roots after shoot herbivory. MJ treatments decrease whole plant (WP) growth, increase root:shoot ratio, and increase WP nicotine pools in all nitrogen environments. Overall, source and supply rate of nitrogen have no effect on either the constitutive or induced allometric relationships of nicotine accumulation and growth. This remarkable homeostasis in allocation patterns contradicts a key prediction of carbon nutrient (C/N) theory. With N-pulse-chase techniques, we demonstrate that plants preferentially utilize ammonia for nicotine production over nitrate when both nitrogen sources are available. This preferential use of ammonia may allow N. attenuata to reduce the biochemical costs of producing nicotine in the post-fire environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two consistent patterns of change in soil N occur after ®res (Kutiel and Shaviv 1992;Carreira et al 1994). First, soil N content generally increases after a ®re as N is mineralized into ammonia NH 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire, nitrogen, and defensive plasticity in Nicotiana attenuata

Lynds

Baldwin

1998

Oecologia

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“…The availability of these nutrients generally is increased by the combustion of soil organic matter and the increase is strictly dependent upon type of nutrient, burnt tree species, soil properties, and pathway of leaching processes (Kutiel and Shaviv 1992). A month after a wildfire, available Ca, Mg, and K in the soil of a Q. rubra-Populus grandidentata forest were significantly higher than pre-fire levels, but after further 3 months the increases were almost gone (Adams and Boyle 1980).…”

Section: Nitrogen Phosphorus and Other Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of fire on properties of forest soils: a review

2005

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Many physical, chemical, mineralogical, and biological soil properties can be affected by forest fires. The effects are chiefly a result of burn severity, which consists of peak temperatures and duration of the fire. Climate, vegetation, and topography of the burnt area control the resilience of the soil system; some fire-induced changes can even be permanent. Low to moderate severity fires, such as most of those prescribed in forest management, promote renovation of the dominant vegetation through elimination of undesired species and transient increase of pH and available nutrients. No irreversible ecosystem change occurs, but the enhancement of hydrophobicity can render the soil less able to soak up water and more prone to erosion. Severe fires, such as wildfires, generally have several negative effects on soil. They cause significant removal of organic matter, deterioration of both structure and porosity, considerable loss of nutrients through volatilisation, ash entrapment in smoke columns, leaching and erosion, and marked alteration of both quantity and specific composition of microbial and soil-dwelling invertebrate communities. However, despite common perceptions, if plants succeed in promptly recolonising the burnt area, the pre-fire level of most properties can be recovered and even enhanced. This work is a review of the up-to-date literature dealing with changes imposed by fires on properties of forest soils. Ecological implications of these changes are described.

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“…Nutrient transformations that result from soil heating are primarily dependent on soil temperatures (DeBano and others 1998). The destructive distillation of organic materials occurs at relatively low temperatures 392 to 572 °F (200 to 300 °C) (Hungerford and others 1991), and soil temperatures above 482 °F (250 °C) result in a decreases in available nutrients (Kutiel and Shaviv 1992). Wetland soil nutrient cycling processes are similar to those of terrestrial environments, but oxygen (O 2 ) limitations in the wetland soil environment lead to important differences.…”

Section: Wetland Fire Effects and Soil Nutrient Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on soils and water

Neary¹,

Ryan²,

DeBano³

2005

446

369

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_____________________________________ Neary, Daniel G.; Ryan, Kevin C.; DeBano, Leonard F., eds. 2005. (revised 2008This state-of-knowledge review about the effects of fire on soils and water can assist land and fire managers with information on the physical, chemical, and biological effects of fire needed to successfully conduct ecosystem management, and effectively inform others about the role and impacts of wildland fire. Chapter topics include the soil resource, soil physical properties and fire, soil chemistry effects, soil biology responses, the hydrologic cycle and water resources, water quality, aquatic biology, fire effects on wetland and riparian systems, fire effects models, and watershed rehabilitation.

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Effects of soil type, plant composition and leaching on soil nutrients following a simulated forest fire

Cited by 78 publications

References 7 publications

Fire, nitrogen, and defensive plasticity in Nicotiana attenuata

Fire, nitrogen, and defensive plasticity in Nicotiana attenuata

Effects of fire on properties of forest soils: a review

Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on soils and water

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