Effects of Soil Temperature Regimes on Growth Characteristics, Nutrition, and Grain Yield of IR22 Rice¹

Abstract

The effects of soil and water temepratures of 15, 25 and 35 C on the growth, nutrition, and grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were studied at three stages of growth in the greenhouse. The dwarf variety IR22 was used as the test plant. Plants grown at greenhouse temperature were used as the control. Low temperatures at the early vegetative stage retarded the growth of shoots and roots. Compared with the control, higher soil temperatures accelerated the growth and development of the plants. A temperature of 15 C delayed panicle initiation by 17 days and extended the time required for complete heading. Crop maturity was proportionately delayed. Soil temperatures during the early vegetative growth stage had little effect on the concentration of N, P, K and Si in plant tissues. Grain yields were unaffected by the temperature treatments at this stage. The plants were highly sensitive to cool soil and water temperatures during panicle development. Low soil temperature caused the death of lower leaves and chlorosis of the upper leaves, and both vegetative growth and dry matter production were retarded. Heading was also delayed at the low temperature and it took longer for all the panicles to emerge. Furthermore, fewer spikelets were formed and injury to some of them was observed. Dry matter production was highest at 25 and 35 C during panicle development. Grain yields were significantly decreased by a soil temperature at 15 C during this period. Plant growth and grain yields were least affected by low soil and water temperatures during the period from heading to crop maturity.

Thermotolerance of Pearl Millet and Maize at Early Growth Stages: Growth and Nutrient Relations

“…In the present study, it was found that concentrations of N in the shoots and roots and N uptake in pearl millet increased considerably, whereas in maize, N uptake decreased at high temperature. High accumulation of N in pearl millet is quite parallel to what has earlier been reported in rice that N concentration in leaves increased markedly at high soil temperature (Bhattacharya and De Datta 1971). Thus, high thermotolerance of pearl millet could be related to its high N uptake and accumulation in the tissues (Mengel andKirkby 1987, Marschner 1995).…”

Wheat Growth Related to Rhizosphere Temperature and Oxygen Levels1

“…Treatment effects on tillering are more difficult to explain. Decreased tillering with drops in soil temperature has been observed before by other workers (2,4,10,34), though interactive response with low soil oxygen has not. Went (32,33) first proposed the idea of shoot dependence upon root-originated growth regulators which he called "caulocaline".…”

Effect of strip tillage widths on soil moisture, soil temperature and soil structure in northeast China

“…In addition, our study also found that soil moisture was negative related to soil temperature (Figure 4), and soil moisture of ST30-BR and ST40-BR was significantly higher than that of ST30-IR and ST40-IR, which might be a major factor for the lower soil temperature of ST-BR. Previous studies have reported that low soil temperature could inhibit germination and seedling growth of crop (Bhattacharyya and De Datta, 1971;Bollero et al, 1996;Chen et al, 2007). Barlow et al (1977) found that the changes of soil temperature by 1 °C had a significant influence on crop growth.…”