Effects of soil nutrient availability and ozone on container-grown Japanese larch seedlings and role of soil microbes

Abstract

other than ozone. Inoculation of roots with ectomycorrhizae had negligible influence on the effects of either soil nutrient availability or ozone. However, this lack of effect may be upon impeded formation of complete mycorrhizal root tips due to factors other than the manipulated variables. B and Na appeared to have an important role in stress responses, so further studies to examine their link with physiological mechanisms as a function of time. This study provides an important perspective for designing forestry practices to enhance seedling health.

Ethylenediurea (EDU) effects on Japanese larch: an one growing season experiment with simulated regenerating communities and a four growing season application to individual saplings

“…In this experiment, seeds were germinated in Petri dishes under laboratory conditions. More information about the origin and seed treatment can be found in (Agathokleous et al 2020 ).…”

“…A dose of 6 g of slow-release fertilizer [Osmocote Exact Standard 8–9 M (15-9-11 + 2MgO + TE), Hyponex Japan Corp. Ltd, Osaka, Japan] was added to each pot. This is a low dose for 15 seedlings, considering that a dose of 2 g given to single plants grown in 0.2-L pots had significant fertilizing effect on Japanese larch plants compared to single plants grown in 0.2-L pots containing 1 g of this fertilizer (Agathokleous et al 2020 ). However, the dose used was sufficient for normal growth of the seedlings in the presence of high competition, and there was no observable sign of stress induced by nutrient deficiency over the experimental period.…”

“…Several research projects have been directed to protect plants against O 3 damage, by using various methods or approaches: (1) introducing symbiotic microbes into the plant system to mediate plant response (Agathokleous et al 2020 ), (2) modifying the irrigation management practices to reduce O 3 uptake from stomata (Harmens et al 2019 ), (3) applying substances on leaf surface to create a protective “membrane” and prevent O 3 from entering the leaf tissue (Agathokleous et al 2016b ), and (4) treating plants with chemicals that systemically protect plants against O 3 damage (Tiwari 2017 ). However, only approach (4) has been widely researched and shown to produce sufficient protection.…”

Exogenous application of chemicals for protecting plants against ambient ozone pollution: What should come next?

“…Recent studies have also attempted to manipulate O 3 effects on plants by inoculating symbiotic microorganisms to enhance plant tolerance to O 3 [ 49 ]. Although this is premature, further researches may provide an opportunity to combine chemical and biological methodologies in the future.…”

Does Ozone Alter the Attractiveness of Japanese White Birch Leaves to the Leaf Beetle Agelastica coerulea via Changes in Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs): An Examination with the Y-Tube Test

“…Ground-level ozone (O 3 ) has been elevated in the last decades, especially in east Asia [1][2][3]. O 3 is a strong oxidant at high concentrations, and can damage photosynthesis, growth, and development of plants [4,5]. O 3 can also enhance the susceptibility of plants to insect herbivores and diseases, potentially disrupting the disease triangle [6,7].…”