Effects of Soil Moisture Content in Early Autumn on Growth and Juice Constituents of Satsuma Mandarin Fruits

Sugai, H.; Torikata, Hirotaka

doi:10.2503/jjshs.44.330

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Therefore, passive dehydration of juice sacs, and concentration of soluble solids, were not the primary cause of differences in sugar accumulation among irrigation treatments. These data are supported by Yakushiji et al (1996Yakushiji et al ( , 1998 who demonstrated that the greater sugar accumulation in satsuma mandarin fruit was not caused by passive dehydration under water-defi cit stress, as both fruit sugar content and concentration, and juice content from moderately water-stressed trees were greater than in fruit from nonstressed trees (Sugai and Torikata, 1976). More recently, Hockema and Etxeberria (2001) demonstrated the involvement of sucrose hydrolyzing enzymes in this physiological process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Rootstocks and Plant Water Relations Affect Sugar Accumulation of Citrus Fruit Via Osmotic Adjustment

Barry¹,

Castle²,

Davies³

2004

jashs

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Citrus rootstocks have well-known effects on tree size, crop load, fruit size, and various fruit quality factors. Fruit from trees budded on invigorating rootstocks are generally larger with lower soluble solids concentration (SSC) and titratable acidity compared to fruit from trees budded on less invigorating rootstocks. Although it is unclear how rootstocks exert their influence on juice quality of Citrus L. species, plant water relations are thought to play a central role. In addition, the larger fruit size associated with invigorating rootstocks and the inverse relationship between SSC and fruit size implies that fruit borne on trees on invigorating rootstocks have lower SSC due to dilution effects in larger fruit. To determine how rootstock type affects sugar accumulation in fruit of Citrus species, controlled water-deficit stress was applied to mature `Valencia' sweet orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osb.] trees on Carrizo citrange [C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] or rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.) rootstocks. Withholding water from the root zone of citrus trees during stage II of fruit development decreased midday stem water potential and increased the concentrations of primary osmotica, fructose and glucose. Sucrose concentration was not affected, suggesting that sucrose hydrolysis took place. Increased concentrations of sugars and SSC in fruit from moderately water-stressed trees occurred independently of fruit size and juice content. Thus, passive dehydration of juice sacs, and concentration of soluble solids, was not the primary cause of differences in sugar accumulation. Controlled water-deficit stress caused active osmotic adjustment in fruit of `Valencia' sweet orange. However, when water-deficit stress was applied later in fruit development (e.g., stage III) there was no increase in sugars or SSC. The evidence presented supports the hypothesis that differential sugar accumulation of citrus fruit from trees on rootstocks of contrasting vigor and, hence, plant water relations, is caused by differences in tree water status and the enhancement of sucrose hydrolysis into component hexose sugars resulting in osmotic adjustment. Therefore, inherent rootstock differences affecting plant water relations are proposed as a primary cause of differences in sugar accumulation and SSC among citrus rootstocks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Rootstocks and Plant Water Relations Affect Sugar Accumulation of Citrus Fruit Via Osmotic Adjustment

Barry¹,

Castle²,

Davies³

2004

jashs

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“…The effect of dehydration on fruit during mulching cultivation. Sugar accumulation can be expected in Satsuma mandarin fruit if the fruit juice is concentrated by dehydration (Sugai and Torikata, 1976). If so, the total sugar content per fruit must be equal, because only water must be lost from fruit during the process of dehydration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, Japanese citrus growers have increased the use of mulch cultivation or greenhouse cultivation to produce high quality citrus fruit. Although there have been a few approaches to investigate the mechanism of sugar accumulation induced by water stress in Satsuma mandarin fruit (Kadoya, 1972(Kadoya, , 1973Sugai and Torikata, 1976), physiological mechanisms of water stress on Satsuma mandarin fruit have not been studied critically from the perspective of plant-water relations. Meyer and Boyer (1981) found that water stress triggers the physiological function of osmoregulation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugar Accumulation Enhanced by Osmoregulation in Satsuma Mandarin Fruit

Yakushiji¹,

Nonami²,

Fukuyama³

et al. 1996

jashs

124

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The effect of water stress induced to enhance sugar accumulation in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) fruit was investigated. Satsuma mandarin trees were subjected to water stress using mulch cultivation from late August to early December. In mulch treatment, soil was covered with double-layered plastic sheets that prevented rainfall from permeating the soil, but allowed water from soil to evaporate. The water status of soil, fine roots, pericarps, and juice vesicles was determined using the isopiestic psychrometer. As the severity of water stress increased, both water potential and osmotic potential of fine roots and pericarps significantly decreased in plants grown under mulch cultivation compared to well-watered trees. Although water potential and osmotic potential decreased, turgor of both roots and pericarps of the water stressed trees did not decrease under water stress conditions. Because turgor was maintained, osmoregulation occurred in Satsuma mandarin trees in response to water stress. The osmotic potential of juice vesicles in water-stressed fruit gradually decreased, and sugars accumulated in vesicle cells. Concentrations of sucrose, fructose, and glucose increased in fruit sap under water stress, and the acidity in the fruit juice increased. Furthermore, the total sugar content per fruit of water stressed trees was significantly higher than in fruit of well-watered trees. These results suggest that sugar accumulation in Satsuma mandarin fruit was not caused by dehydration under water stress but rather that sugars were accumulated by active osmoregulation in response to water stress. When sugar components in osmoregulated fruit were analyzed, it was found that monosaccharides, i.e., glucose and fructose, were largely responsible for active osmoregulation in fruit under water stress conditions.

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Influence of deficit irrigation in phase III of fruit growth on fruit quality in ‘lane late’ sweet orange

Pérez-Pérez

Robles

Botía

2009

Agricultural Water Management

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Effects of Soil Moisture Content in Early Autumn on Growth and Juice Constituents of Satsuma Mandarin Fruits

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

Rootstocks and Plant Water Relations Affect Sugar Accumulation of Citrus Fruit Via Osmotic Adjustment

Rootstocks and Plant Water Relations Affect Sugar Accumulation of Citrus Fruit Via Osmotic Adjustment

Sugar Accumulation Enhanced by Osmoregulation in Satsuma Mandarin Fruit

Influence of deficit irrigation in phase III of fruit growth on fruit quality in ‘lane late’ sweet orange

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