Effects of soil compaction on phosphorus uptake and growth of <i>Trifolium subterraneum</i> colonized by four species of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Nadian, H.; Smith, S. E.; Alston, A. M.; Murray, R. G. E.; Siebert, Brad

doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00219.x

Cited by 50 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The reduction of the largest pores have in several other studies been shown to be one of the most important consequences of soil compaction (Oussible et al 1992;Nadian et al 1996;Nadian et al 1997;Nadian et al 1998;Richard et al 2001). Root growth is likely to be hampered by excessive compaction, and there may be problems with the transport of oxygen, water and nutrients in the soil.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This requires energy, and is an important reason for reduced root elongation. Root stunting and thickening have in several studies shown to be the most prominent morphological changes of roots growing through mechanically impeding media (Oussible et al 1992;Lipiec et al 1996;Nadian et al 1996;Nadian et al 1998;Chassot et al 2001). The radial thickening is associated primarily with shorter and wider cells with the same volume in the cortex and with thicker cortex (Fitter 1996).…”

Section: Root Growthmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Effects of Soil Compaction and Moisture Regime on the Root and Shoot Growth and Phosphorus Uptake of Barley Plants Growing on Soils with Varying Phosphorus Status

Kristoffersen¹,

Riley²

2005

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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The effects of soil compaction state and level of water supply on plant growth and phosphorus (P) uptake were studied in a pot experiment with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Three soils (loamy, clay loam and silt texture) were used, each with three levels of plant available P in soil (low, medium and high P-AL). The soils were compacted to two levels, 75 and 90% of the standard degree of compactness attained with free drainage under a load of 200 kPa, and they were maintained at two levels of water supply (20 and 30% mass wetness). Total root length (RL) was 59% lower at the higher of the two compactness levels, mainly due to fewer roots with diameter <0.5 mm. However, both shoot growth and plant P uptake were reduced a lesser degree then RL. This means that 69% more shoot dry-matter (DM) per unit RL was produced in the compacted soil, and that the P uptake per unit RL was 75% higher in the more compacted soil. Thus, the plants must have compensated for reduced RL by increasing their uptake of water and nutrients per unit RL, although this did not fully compensate for the reduced RL. The effects of moisture regime on shoot growth varied between the different soils. On the clay loam soil, there was a significant yield increase with high water supply at alt three soil P-AL levels. The same was true on the loam soil at medium and high soil P-AL levels. On the silt soil, the high level of water supply increased yield by 62%, but only at the highest soil P-AL level. The plants grown on the silt soil at low and medium levels of plant available P showed marked symptoms of P deficiency throughout the growth period.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Root Growthmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of Soil Compaction and Moisture Regime on the Root and Shoot Growth and Phosphorus Uptake of Barley Plants Growing on Soils with Varying Phosphorus Status

Kristoffersen¹,

Riley²

2005

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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“…This is in accordance with studies demonstrating that the presence of plant have the greatest impact on structure generation, with AMF also contributing to accentuate soil stability (Hallett et al, 2009;Jastrow et al, 1998). The possibility of differential AMF response to soil compaction was described by Nadian et al (1998). As the diameter of external hyphae is smaller than roots it may penetrate smaller pores and enhance the observed leek roots effect and stimulate plant exudates secretion, thus increasing bacterial activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of roots, mycorrhizas and earthworms on soil physical properties as assessed by shrinkage analysis

Milleret

Bayon

Lamy

et al. 2009

Journal of Hydrology

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Keywords: Shrinkage analysis (ShC) Soil porosity Earthworms Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Plant root Soil structure s u m m a r y Soil biota such as earthworms, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant roots are known to play a major role in engineering the belowground part of the terrestrial ecosystems, thus strongly influencing the water budget and quality on earth. However, the effect of soil organisms and their interactions on the numerous soil physical properties to be considered are still poorly understood. Shrinkage analysis allows quantifying a large spectrum of soil properties in a single experiment, with small standard errors. The objectives of the present study were, therefore, to assess the ability of the method to quantify changes in soil properties as induced by single or combined effects of leek roots (Allium porrum), AMF (Glomus intraradices) and earthworms (Allolobophora chlorotica). The study was performed on homogenised soil microcosms and the experiments lasted 35 weeks. The volume of the root network and the external fungal hyphae was measured at the end, and undisturbed soil cores were collected. Shrinkage analysis allowed calculating the changes in soil hydro-structural stability, soil plasma and structural pore volumes, soil bulk density and plant available water, and structural pore size distributions. Data analysis revealed different impacts of the experimented soil biota on the soil physical properties. At any water content, the presence of A. chlorotica resulted in a decrease of the specific bulk volume and the hydrostructural stability around 25%, and in a significant increase in the bulk soil density. These changes went with a decrease of the structural pore volumes at any pore size, a disappearing of the thinnest structural pores, a decrease in plant available water, and a hardening of the plasma. On the contrary, leek roots decreased the bulk soil density up to 1.23 g cm À3 despite an initial bulk density of 1.15 g cm À3 . This increase in volume was accompanied with a enhanced hydro-structural stability, a larger structural pore volume at any pore size, smaller structural pore radii and an increase in plant available water. Interestingly, a synergistic effect of leek roots and AMF in the absence of the earthworms was highlighted, and this synergistic effect was not observed in presence of earthworms. The structural pore volume generated by root and AMF growth was several orders of magnitude larger than the volume of the organisms. Root exudates as well as other AMF secretion have served as carbon source for bacteria that in turn would enhance soil aggregation and porosity, thus supporting the idea of a self-organization of the soilplant-microbe complex previously described.

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“…AM plants can therefore potentially access nutrients from drier or more compacted soils (i.e. smaller pores) than can NM equivalents (Nadian et al 1998;Tobar et al 1994). Operation of the AM nutrient uptake pathway will therefore persist at lower (more negative) soil water potentials than direct uptake via root epidermis (Drew 2002) and root hairs.…”

Section: Exploration Of Soil By External Mycelium and Interactions Wimentioning

confidence: 98%

Plant performance in stressful environments: interpreting new and established knowledge of the roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas

et al. 2009

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses are formed by approximately 80% of vascular plant species in all major terrestrial biomes. In consequence an understanding of their functions is critical in any study of sustainable agricultural or natural ecosystems. Here we discuss the implications of recent results and ideas on AM symbioses that are likely to be of particular significance for plants dealing with abiotic stresses such as nutrient deficiency and especially water stress. In order to ensure balanced coverage, we also include brief consideration of the ways in which AM fungi may influence soil structure, carbon deposition in soil and interactions with the soil microbial and animal populations, as well as plantplant competition. These interlinked outcomes of AM symbioses go well beyond effects in increasing nutrient uptake that are commonly discussed and all require to be taken into consideration in future work designed to understand the complex and multifaceted responses of plants to abiotic and biotic stresses in agricultural and natural environments.

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Effects of soil compaction on phosphorus uptake and growth of Trifolium subterraneum colonized by four species of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Cited by 50 publications

References 38 publications

Effects of Soil Compaction and Moisture Regime on the Root and Shoot Growth and Phosphorus Uptake of Barley Plants Growing on Soils with Varying Phosphorus Status

Effects of Soil Compaction and Moisture Regime on the Root and Shoot Growth and Phosphorus Uptake of Barley Plants Growing on Soils with Varying Phosphorus Status

Impact of roots, mycorrhizas and earthworms on soil physical properties as assessed by shrinkage analysis

Plant performance in stressful environments: interpreting new and established knowledge of the roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas

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