Effects of Soil and Rock Mineralogy on Soil Erosion Features in the Merek Watershed, Iran

Heshmati, Mosayeb; Majid, Nik Muhamad Nik Ab.; Jusop, Shamsuddin; Gheitury, M; Abdu, Arifin

doi:10.4236/jgis.2013.53024

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The gypsum marl unit contains soluble evaporation minerals and fine‐grained sediment (silt and clay). This leads to a decrease in permeability and soil strength against erosion (Heshmati et al, 2013). As a result, a huge amount of sediment was reworked to downstream areas through the stream channels, leading to coastal progradation at the base level.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Holocene relative sea‐level fluctuations and crustal mobility at Bataneh (Najirum) archaeological site, Persian Gulf, Iran

et al. 2021

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The impacts of relative sea‐level (RSL) variations and crust mobility on the development of ancient harbours in the northern Persian Gulf are poorly understood. Many unanswered questions remain with regard to the main reasons for a shift in the location of the most important ancient harbours in the northern part of the Persian Gulf coastal since 50 BC. Furthermore, some important early Islamic harbours, such as Siraf, have ancient city quarters that are today below the present sea level. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between halokinesis and RSL changes using geophysical models and multidisciplinary geoarchaeological methods at the ancient Sassanid–Islamic site of Bataneh (presently known as Najirum) located at the foothill of an active Darang salt diapir. The results reveal that after the mid‐Holocene highstand, RSL regression was not continuous. The studied facies have recorded three RSL oscillations. The oscillations are correlated with the eustatic sea‐level position. During the first lowstand, important Sassanid harbours shifted from Rishar to Apologus. The second lowstand is consistent with the transition of maritime trade from Apologus to Siraf, during the Abbasid dynasty. Uplift of the Bataneh coastal zone exposed the city to risks from flooding and fluvial debris flows. With a modification of the local watershed, runoff water originating from the salt anticlinal was controlled and used for the extraction of gypsum in evaporation ponds. The economic expansion of Siraf led to Bataneh being abandoned with a shift in trade to Kish Island.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Holocene relative sea‐level fluctuations and crustal mobility at Bataneh (Najirum) archaeological site, Persian Gulf, Iran

et al. 2021

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“…The high incision rates identified are likely also a response to the higher smectite content typical of these A‐C sites. Such higher smectite content has often been considered a major factor in gully acceleration, especially in semiarid or Mediterranean environments with alternating wet and dry periods (Swanson et al, 1989; Daoudi & Bamousa, 2011; Igwe, 2012; Heshmati et al, 2013). In addition, Podwojewski et al (2020) considered this factor more important than links to drainage area or slope steepness, even in a subtropical humid climate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent gully erosion intensity in an agricultural landscape underlain by fluvioglacial sediments (NE Czechia)

2023

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Inappropriate agricultural management practices combined with intense rainfall often lead to gully erosion. Knowledge of the causes and consequences of past erosion pulses is essential not only for farmers to improve land management, but also for municipalities to define infrastructure threats associated with material transport. This study comprehensively evaluates accelerated gully erosion and estimates gully transport capacity in fluvioglacial sediments left by a Pleistocene ice sheet in northeastern Czechia. Geomorphic mapping of an area of approximately 2 km 2 revealed gullies up to 3.5 m wide and deep, with their heads starting at the boundaries of fields and pastures. The ground-penetrating radar survey confirmed the presence of soil pipes contributing to gully formation due to unmaintained field drainage combined with the natural occurrence of soil pipes. Microscopic analysis and dendrogeomorphic dating of 102 cross-sections from 28 exposed tree roots revealed 18 years of gully incision since 1985, with increased activity from 2007 to 2014. The mean incision rates ranged between 1-20 cm/year, but could reach 1 m during individual events. More intensive incisions were typical for soils with higher smectite content. The last severe erosion event in 2014 caused clogging of culverts and damage to infrastructure by transporting boulders up to 34 cm in diameter at critical flow velocities of 2.4-2.8 ms À1 . Considering the predominance of human-induced factors (e.g., current soil compaction due to grazing and failure to maintain the drainage pipe outlets), ongoing gully erosion can be expected during intense rainfall events unless appropriate agricultural or stabilization measures are addressed.

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“…1&2). and their dominant lithology (Heshmati, Majid, Jusop, Gheitury, & Abdu, 2013), which in Table. 3 is briefly summarized ) Table 3(.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marl qualitative effects on the distribution of Quaternary deposits

Sharifi

Shamirzadi²

2018

IJFPS

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Marls with badland, waterway, torrent, surface, rill, gully, rock and tunnel erosion, as the most sensitive lithology against erosion and weathering, have a major role in the sedimentation of watersheds. Marls of Iran based on minerals solvability are divided into two types: Evaporative and non-evaporative which have Special features and have been distributed in Tehran province. Formations and units of geology are important in sediments production and distribution marl units. In Tehran province, from the geological point of view, there is a combination of Alborz and Central Iran sedimentary units that based on maps geology information, on a scale of 1: 100000 and 1:250000 such as Tehran, Semnan, Amol, Ghazvin-Rasht, Marzanabad (Chalus) the geology formations and units exist often. There isn't any gap in geology maps. Often marl geology formation and units such as Karaj, Ziarat, upper red and under red formation, are Cenozoic age and has been distributed in Tehran province North. Based on studies and this research geology marl Formations and units have been effective about percent 10 on sediment production and quaternary distribution in Tehran province

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Effects of Soil and Rock Mineralogy on Soil Erosion Features in the Merek Watershed, Iran

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Late Holocene relative sea‐level fluctuations and crustal mobility at Bataneh (Najirum) archaeological site, Persian Gulf, Iran

Late Holocene relative sea‐level fluctuations and crustal mobility at Bataneh (Najirum) archaeological site, Persian Gulf, Iran

Recent gully erosion intensity in an agricultural landscape underlain by fluvioglacial sediments (NE Czechia)

Marl qualitative effects on the distribution of Quaternary deposits

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