Effects of sodium hypochlorite and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on rotary nickel-titanium instruments evaluated using atomic force microscopy

Abstract

Ametrano G, D'Antò V, Di Caprio MP, Simeone M, Rengo S, Spagnuolo G. Effects of sodium hypochlorite and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on rotary nickeltitanium instruments evaluated using atomic force microscopy. International Endodontic Journal, 44, 203-209, 2011.Aim To use atomic force microscopy (AFM) to evaluate the effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the surface characteristics of ProTaper rotary nickel-titanium instruments. Methodology A total of twenty ProTaper (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) instruments (S1, S2, F1, F2) were divided into five groups: no immersion, immersion in 5.25% NaOCl for 5 or 10 min and immersion in 17% EDTA for 5 or 10 min. Twenty surface areas along 3-mm sections at the tip of the files (perfect squares of 1 · 1 lm) were analysed by AFM operating in contact mode under ambient conditions. Three-dimensional images (400 · 400 lines) were processed using Gwyddion software, and the roughness average (Ra) and the root mean square value (RMS) of the scanned surface profiles were recorded. Data were analysed by means of anova and paired samples t-test. Results Three-dimensional AFM images of the surface of ProTaper instruments, including new and those immersed in NaOCl and EDTA solutions, revealed topographic irregularities at the nanometric scale. RMS and Ra values of instruments treated with NaOCl and EDTA solutions were statistically higher than that of the new ones (P < 0.05). Conclusions Atomic force microscopy threedimensional images and roughness values indicated that short-term contact between NaOCl and EDTA endodontic irrigants and ProTaper instruments caused alterations in the surface of instruments.

The effect of 5% sodium hypochlorite, 17% EDTA and triphala on two different rotary Ni-Ti instruments: An AFM and EDS analysis

“…[6] This result is in accordance with our study signifying high surface deterioration potential of EDTA when compared to NaOCl, which may be attributed to the lower pH of EDTA. As of date, there are no published data regarding the use of AFM to evaluate the effect of any herbal irrigant on rotary endodontic files.…”

“…Even short-term contact with these irrigants can cause alterations in the surface of NiTi instruments. [6] Sodium hypochlorite is the most commonly used endodontic irrigant whose antimicrobial effectiveness is based on its high pH (pH > 11). There is a contact between rotary NiTi instruments and the NaOCl solution during clinical use and cleaning and sterilization procedures.…”

Effects of intraoral aging on surface properties of coated nickel-titanium archwires

“…9,15 A standard statistical software package (SPSS version 20.0, SPSS IBM, New York, NY) was used for data analysis. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to verify the normality of the data and oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc test or t-test for unpaired data were performed.…”

Effect of irrigation on surface roughness and fatigue resistance of controlled memory wire nickel‐titanium instruments

“…The effect of root canal irrigation on the surface topography of different types of NiTi rotary instruments has been studied extensively (Ametrano et al . , Saglam et al . , Fayyad & Mahran , Prasad et al .…”

“…Ametrano et al . () considered that short‐term contact between NaOCl and 17% ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) solutions and ProTaper instruments increased their surface roughness indicating deterioration on the surface, thus causing unexpected fracture. Kuhn et al .…”