Effects of social anxiety, attention, and extraversion on the acoustic startle eyeblink response

Blumenthal, Terry D.; Chapman, Jeremy G.; Muse, Kevin B.

doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(95)00120-4

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Similarly, Davidson, Marshall, Tomarken, and Henriques (2000) showed heightened activation in the right prefrontal cortex associated with anticipating a speech in social phobics relative to controls, which can be interpreted as indicating differences in cognitive processing (e.g., Clark & McManus, 2002;Hofmann, 2000). Conversely, research on startle reactivity indicates that startle is not amplifiedFand perhaps even reducedFin social anxiety (e.g., Blumenthal, Chapman, & Muse, 1995). Startle reactivity is thought to be linked to limbic involvement in the experience of negative emotions (e.g., Davis, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Autonomic recovery and habituation in social anxiety

2003

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Growing evidence suggests that, contrary to expectation, high trait socially anxious (HTSA) and low trait socially anxious (LTSA) individuals show comparable autonomic reactivity during stressful speech tasks. To test the hypothesis that autonomic differences between groups might emerge during recovery or habituation, 35 HTSA and LTSA participants gave two impromptu speeches. Measures of anxiety experience as well as cardiovascular, electrodermal, respiratory, and vagal activation were obtained. Despite greater reports of anxiety experience in the HTSA versus the LTSA participants, autonomic measures showed comparable reactivity, habituation, and recovery in the two anxiety groups. These results suggest minimal autonomic differences between HTSA and LTSA individuals, thus supporting theories of social anxiety that emphasize cognitive factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Autonomic recovery and habituation in social anxiety

2003

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“…Negative affectivity (NA), which has been equated with neuroticism (Eysenck et al, 1993) and trait anxiety (Blumenthal, Chapman, & Muse, 1995), represents pervasive differences in both self-concept and in the predisposition to experience negative or aversive emotional or mood states (e.g., Watson & Clark, 1984). As detailed by Watson and Clark, high-NA individuals tend to dwell on the negative side of themselves and others, and also experience generally high levels of distress and arousal.…”

Section: Negative Affectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling negative affectivity and job stress: a contingency‐based approach

Barsky

Thoresen²,

Warren

et al. 2004

J Organ Behavior

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SummaryUnderstanding the role of negative affectivity (NA) in relations between job stressors and resultant strains has been a major source of research interest in the organizational literature for almost two decades. In this study, we propose a contingency approach, whereby the role of NA depends on the nature of the strain construct under investigation. Specifically, we predicted that perceived job stressors would fully mediate the relationship between NA and turnover intentions, while job stressors would only partially mediate the relationship between NA and job and life satisfaction, and job stressors would be unrelated to depression once NA was taken into account. The relative fit of these four models is tested utilizing data from two divergent samples (sales representatives and managers) employing both self-and informant reports of strain measures where feasible. Hypotheses regarding the specified nature of the NA ! stressor ! strain relationship generally were supported and replicated across samples. In addition, an alternate model specifying that NA moderates the relationship between stressors and strains was not supported for any strain variable.

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“…These measures have included heart rate (Beidel et al, 1985(Beidel et al, , 1989Borkovec et al, 1974;Cuthbert et al, 2003;Edelmann and Baker, 2002;Hofmann et al, 1995Hofmann et al, , 2006Turner et al, 1986;Weerts and Lang, 1978;Wieser et al, 2009), skin conductance (Abrams and Wilson, 1979;Eckman and Shean, 1997;Cuthbert et al, 2003;Edelmann and Baker, 2002;Hofmann et al, 2006;Lader, 1967;Mauss et al, 2003;Werts and Lang, 1978;Wieser et al, 2009), startle EMG reactivity (Blumenthal et al, 1995;Cornwell et al, 2006;Hermann et al, 2002;Cuthbert et al, 2003;Panayiotou and Vrana, 1998) and blush/facial temperature (Edelmann and Baker, 2002;Hofmann et al, 2006) measured in clinical and nonclinical socially anxious adult populations. Overall, these studies have shown increased autonomic arousal at rest and during evaluative situations in this population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%