Effects of Sn residue on the high temperature stability of the H2-permeable palladium membranes prepared by electroless plating on Al2O3 substrate after SnCl2–PdCl2 process: A case study

Wei, Lei; Yu, Jian; Hu, Xinming; Wang, Rongxia; Huang, Yan

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2016.04.008

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Thus, careful selection of the fabrication techniques should be selected for achieving better performance of the thin selective layers. Different methods are available for developing the Pd-based membranes, including electroless plating (ELP), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), electroplating, microemulsion technique, liquid-impregnation pore plugging, pyrolysis, solvated metal atom deposition, , and high-velocity oxyfuel spraying (HVOF) . Among these methods, the four most used techniques are discussed briefly in this section with their respective advantages and disadvantages.…”

Section: Fabrication Processes Of Pd-based Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palladium-Alloy Membrane Reactors for Fuel Reforming and Hydrogen Production: A Review

et al. 2021

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Hydrogen has a potential to be a clean energy carrier that emits only water after combustion and can be produced from diverse feedstocks. Hydrogen has much better combustion characteristics in conventional combustion systems and higher energy efficiency when used with fuel cells. More than 75 million tons of hydrogen are currently produced primarily using fossil fuels as feedstock via steam methane reforming processes. Steam methane reforming is the mature technology for producing hydrogen and when coupled with CO2 capture can help address climate challenges. Inorganic palladium (Pd) membranes have demonstrated great potential to separate hydrogen due to their stability and high selectivity for hydrogen. In this review, several methods of fabricating Pd-alloy membranes are discussed and compared in terms of membrane stability and selectivity of hydrogen. Such methods include electroless plating (ELP), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), and electroplating deposition (EPD). The permeability of hydrogen in different Pd-based alloy membranes are presented and compared. Focus has been made, in this review, on Pd–Ag, Pd–Cu, Pd–Au, and Pd–Ru alloys. The effects of impurities (H2S, CO, O2, and CO2) on performance of different Pd-based alloy membranes are also investigated. Moreover, the subject of using Pd-membrane reactors for fuel reforming and H2 production is investigated in detail based on numerous experimental and numerical studies in the literature, considering different membrane reactor designs: axial-flow tubular, radial-flow tubular, axial-flow spherical, packed-bed, fluidized bed, and slurry bubble column. The performance of Pd-membranes in such reactors for hydrogen production is compared, and the effects of temperature, pressure, H2O/CH4 ratio, and residence time on reformer performance are also investigated. Finally, the use of computational methods, particularly, density functional theory (DFT), to complement well-established experimental methods for studying the diffusion of H and its isotopes in different metals is reviewed. The review concludes with some insights into future work to bring Pd-membrane reactors to the level required for hydrogen production at the commercial level.

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Section: Fabrication Processes Of Pd-based Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palladium-Alloy Membrane Reactors for Fuel Reforming and Hydrogen Production: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…Different methods are available for synthesizing Pd-based membranes, and the most used are electroless plating (ELP) [51], chemical vapour deposition (CVD) [52], physical vapour deposition (PVD) [53] and the electroplating deposition (EPD) [54]. In this review, the ELP method has been discussed as being mainly exploited for membrane fabrication The metal materials mainly used for the membrane preparation are palladium and alloys due to the high solubility and permeability of hydrogen [47].…”

Section: Preparation Of Inorganic Membrane Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Membrane Reactors: The Industrial Applications Perspective

et al. 2021

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Catalytic membrane reactors have been widely used in different production industries around the world. Applying a catalytic membrane reactor (CMR) reduces waste generation from a cleaner process perspective and reduces energy consumption in line with the process intensification strategy. A CMR combines a chemical or biochemical reaction with a membrane separation process in a single unit by improving the performance of the process in terms of conversion and selectivity. The core of the CMR is the membrane which can be polymeric or inorganic depending on the operating conditions of the catalytic process. Besides, the membrane can be inert or catalytically active. The number of studies devoted to applying CMR with higher membrane area per unit volume in multi-phase reactions remains very limited for both catalytic polymeric and inorganic membranes. The various bio-based catalytic membrane system is also used in a different commercial application. The opportunities and advantages offered by applying catalytic membrane reactors to multi-phase systems need to be further explored. In this review, the preparation and the application of inorganic membrane reactors in the different catalytic processes as water gas shift (WGS), Fisher Tropsch synthesis (FTS), selective CO oxidation (CO SeLox), and so on, have been discussed.

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“…Conventionally, this step has been carried out by repetitive immersions in acidic tin and palladium solutions, also known as sensitization-activation treatment [ 165 ]. However, some studies advise problems in membrane stability at high operating temperatures caused by tin residues, which lead to the formation of defects and pinholes in the Pd film, as Paglieri et al indicated for the first time in the late nineties [ 166 ] and other authors endorsed most recently [ 167 ]. A detailed study about the correlation between presence of tin residues and membrane stability has been lately published by Wei et al [ 167 ].…”

Section: Palladium Incorporation By Electroless Platingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some studies advise problems in membrane stability at high operating temperatures caused by tin residues, which lead to the formation of defects and pinholes in the Pd film, as Paglieri et al indicated for the first time in the late nineties [ 166 ] and other authors endorsed most recently [ 167 ]. A detailed study about the correlation between presence of tin residues and membrane stability has been lately published by Wei et al [ 167 ]. Considering these negative effects of classical sensitization-activation treatments, alternative methods avoiding the use of tin solutions have been proposed.…”

Section: Palladium Incorporation By Electroless Platingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Supported Pd-Based Membranes Preparation by Electroless Plating for Ultra-Pure Hydrogen Production

et al. 2018

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In the last years, hydrogen has been considered as a promising energy vector for the oncoming modification of the current energy sector, mainly based on fossil fuels. Hydrogen can be produced from water with no significant pollutant emissions but in the nearest future its production from different hydrocarbon raw materials by thermochemical processes seems to be more feasible. In any case, a mixture of gaseous compounds containing hydrogen is produced, so a further purification step is needed to purify the hydrogen up to required levels accordingly to the final application, i.e., PEM fuel cells. In this mean, membrane technology is one of the available separation options, providing an efficient solution at reasonable cost. Particularly, dense palladium-based membranes have been proposed as an ideal chance in hydrogen purification due to the nearly complete hydrogen selectivity (ideally 100%), high thermal stability and mechanical resistance. Moreover, these membranes can be used in a membrane reactor, offering the possibility to combine both the chemical reaction for hydrogen production and the purification step in a unique device. There are many papers in the literature regarding the preparation of Pd-based membranes, trying to improve the properties of these materials in terms of permeability, thermal and mechanical resistance, poisoning and cost-efficiency. In this review, the most relevant advances in the preparation of supported Pd-based membranes for hydrogen production in recent years are presented. The work is mainly focused in the incorporation of the hydrogen selective layer (palladium or palladium-based alloy) by the electroless plating, since it is one of the most promising alternatives for a real industrial application of these membranes. The information is organized in different sections including: (i) a general introduction; (ii) raw commercial and modified membrane supports; (iii) metal deposition insights by electroless-plating; (iv) trends in preparation of Pd-based alloys, and, finally; (v) some essential concluding remarks in addition to futures perspectives.

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Effects of Sn residue on the high temperature stability of the H2-permeable palladium membranes prepared by electroless plating on Al2O3 substrate after SnCl2–PdCl2 process: A case study

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Palladium-Alloy Membrane Reactors for Fuel Reforming and Hydrogen Production: A Review

Palladium-Alloy Membrane Reactors for Fuel Reforming and Hydrogen Production: A Review

Catalytic Membrane Reactors: The Industrial Applications Perspective

Review of Supported Pd-Based Membranes Preparation by Electroless Plating for Ultra-Pure Hydrogen Production

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