Effects of Smoking on Eustachian Tube and Hearing

Pezzoli, M; Lofaro, Denise; Olivi, Alessandro; Orione, Monica; Cupi, D.; Albera, Andrea; Bongioannini, Guido; Albera, Roberto

doi:10.5935/0946-5448.20170019

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In addition, tympanometric tests revealed tubal dysfunction in smokers. 7 Chang et al evaluated the effects of smoking on hearing with PTA. They stated that both active and passive smoking caused hearing loss at high frequencies due to prolonged exposure, especially more visible after 40 years of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5][6] There are several clinical studies evaluating the effects of smoking on inner and middle ear with pure tone audiometry (PTA), 226 Hz probe tone tympanometry, and otoacoustic emission (OAE). [7][8][9] The acoustic absorbance measurement is sensitive to minor changes in both the middle and the inner ear, which enables evaluation of 2 systems together. Acoustic absorbance data can be measured easily through a wide frequency range (0.25-8.0 kHz) with wideband tympanometry (WBT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies evaluating the influence of smoking on the auditory system evaluated only male participants. 1,7,8,12,13 Therefore, the main aim of our study is to evaluate whether the effect of smoking on the auditory system shows gender differences. Another aim is to evaluate whether smoking has any influence on absorbance of sound.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Smoking on the Auditory System: Is There a Gender Difference?

et al. 2019

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The main aim of our study is to evaluate whether the effect of smoking on the auditory system shows gender differences. Another aim is to evaluate whether smoking has any influence on the absorbance of sound. There were 236 volunteers including 90 nonsmokers (42 females and 48 males) and 146 smokers (72 females and 74 males) in the study. Smokers were grouped according to pack-years of smoking as 5 to 10 pack-years, 11 to 20 pack-years, and more than 20 pack-years. Pure tone audiometry and wideband tympanometry were performed in all individuals. Both female and male smokers who consume more than 20 pack-years had significantly higher hearing thresholds at 4 and 6 kHz and significantly lower sound energy absorbance rates at 4, 6, and 8 kHz. Moreover, female smokers with a consumption of 11 to 20 pack-years had significantly higher hearing thresholds at 6 kHz and significantly lower sound energy absorbance rates at 6 and 8 kHz. Smoking causes hearing loss at high frequencies in both females and males, especially in a dose-dependent manner affecting individuals with a consumption of more than 20 pack-years. The sound energy absorbance is significantly reduced at 4, 6, and 8 kHz. In addition, these effects may occur in women with even less exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Smoking on the Auditory System: Is There a Gender Difference?

et al. 2019

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“…Another important factor to be considered in future studies is the correlation between exposure to cigarette smoking and the good function of the Eustachian tube, which was thoroughly analyzed by Pezzoli et al [41]. They found the presence of a high number of smokers suffering from tubal dysfunction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Maternal Smoking Make a Difference in Newborn Hearing Screening with Otoacoustic Emissions?

Canet¹

2019

GJPNC

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Universal newborn hearing screening is both, crucial and routinely performed because only 50% of babies born with hearing loss carry a hearing loss risk factor. Early detection leads to an efficient treatment of the affected neonates, resulting in a better final prognosis [1][2][3]. Several techniques are used in newborn hearing screening. Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) are low-level acoustic signals generated by the cochlea and passed through the middle ear into the external ear canal. OAEs are an objective indication of normal cochlear function. OAEs occur in nearly all ears with normal hearing and middle ear function. Transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) testing is one of the most frequently used techniques because of its accuracy, simplicity, speed and low cost as described in diverse studies [2,4-6]. TEOAEs are evoked across a broad frequency range when stimulated by temporally short clicks, which have broad spectral bandwidths, and multiple cochlear locations may contribute to TEOAEs measured at any specific frequency. Researchers have compared the sensitivity of evoked OAE testing with pure-tone audiometry and concluded that OAE testing is more sensitive in detecting the early onset of cochlear pathologies before a change in hearing thresholds occur [7].A major drawback of TEOAE testing as a screening technique for newborns relates to the middle ear status, which can severely affect its pass rate. We must keep in mind that, the presence of debris and vermix in the external ear meatus of the newborn can result in false positive screenings. This factors lead to a greater than the actual hearing loss failure rate, thus a two-step newborn hearing screening protocol has been introduced in order to allow a better clearance of the middle and external ear, this means that when newborns fail TEOAE at discharge, an appointment is given to repeat the test in less than one month. This improves specificity of test without delaying adequate diagnosis.Another crucial factor is the newborn's age when the test is done.Data strongly suggests that the prime testing window is beyond 24-48 hrs. of life, as fluid in the middle ear and in the external meatus is normally significantly reduced on the second day of life. For this

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“…[13][14][15] There are no therapeutic cures that can reverse the defects in cilia motility or halt the progression of diseases caused by genetic cilia abnormalities in PCD. [13][14][15] Acquired motile ciliopathies may result from inhaled or ingested ciliotoxic chemicals that have been extensively implicated to compromise cilia motility in the middle ear, 16,17 fallopian tube, 18,19 and brain ventricles. 20,21 In the respiratory system alone, cilia dysfunction is a pathological finding observed in several chronic diseases, and especially cigarette smoke related, which together affect over 35 million Americans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Rotating Apical-Out Airway Organoid for Assessing Respiratory Cilia Motility

Wijesekara¹,

Yadav²,

Perkins³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Motile cilia project from the airway apical surface and directly interface with inhaled external environment. Due to cilia's nanoscale dimension and high beating frequency, quantitative assessment of their motility remains a sophisticated task. Here we described a robust approach for reproducible engineering of apical-out airway organoid (AOAO) of defined size. Propelled by exterior-facing cilia beating, the mature AOAO exhibited stable rotational motion when surrounded by Matrigel. We developed a computational framework leveraging computer vision algorithms to quantify AOAO rotation and validated its correlation with direct measurement of cilia motility. We further established the feasibility of using AOAO rotation to recapitulate and measure defective cilia motility caused by chemotherapy-induced toxicity and by CCDC39 mutations in cells from primary ciliary dyskinesia patient. We expect our rotating AOAO model and the associated computational pipeline to offer a generalizable framework to expediate modeling of and therapeutic development for genetic and environmental ciliopathies.

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Effects of Smoking on Eustachian Tube and Hearing

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of Smoking on the Auditory System: Is There a Gender Difference?

Effects of Smoking on the Auditory System: Is There a Gender Difference?

Does Maternal Smoking Make a Difference in Newborn Hearing Screening with Otoacoustic Emissions?

Engineering Rotating Apical-Out Airway Organoid for Assessing Respiratory Cilia Motility

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