Effects of smoking cessation on biological monitoring markers in urine

Abstract

Introduction Urinary nicotine and cotinine levels are often measured as biomarkers for tobacco smoke exposure. However, these biomarkers are not appropriate to evaluate the effects of quitting smoking for several days, because of their short half-lives. In this study, we focused on the changes in the urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) levels of 55 patients in a smoking cessation program, because of the long half-life. At the same time, urinary 7-methylguanine (m7Gua) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), as DNA damage markers of cigarette smoking, were also measured. Results In the subjects who completed the quit-smoking program (18 subjects out of 55), the urinary nicotine and cotinine levels decreased to 1.7 and 0.2% at 8 weeks after the first visit to the clinic. By contrast, the NNAL levels decreased to 12.3% at 8 weeks after quitting smoking. During the same period, the urinary m7Gua levels significantly decreased, from 27.32 μg/mg creatinine to 14.17 μg/mg creatinine by the elimination of subjects who showed increased levels of NNAL during the smoking cessation program. The 8-OHdG levels were also reduced within the same period, but were not significantly different. From the all data analysis, the urinary levels of cotinine and NNAL positively correlated with the level of m7Gua. Conclusions NNAL may be an appropriate exposure marker for evaluating the smoking status of patients in a smoking cessation program. The urinary cotinine and NNAL levels positively correlated with the m7Gua levels.

Effects of Cigarette Smoke Exposure on Placental Global DNA Methylation and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine Levels in Mother-new-born Binomials

“…In this work, we detected levels of 8-OHdG in umbilical blood and plasma similar as reported by other authors [52][53][54], who employed the same methodology. In addition, we found signi cantly lower 8-OHdG levels in the smoking women group, consistent with previously reported ndings [55,56]. However, the 8-OHdG levels were signi cantly lower in the new-borns of the smoking women, contrary to the report of Ebina et al, where the 8-OHdG levels of the new-borns of smoking women were high.…”

“…However, the 8-OHdG levels were signi cantly lower in the new-borns of the smoking women, contrary to the report of Ebina et al, where the 8-OHdG levels of the new-borns of smoking women were high. Nevertheless, they did not specify the time of smoking during pregnancy [52], which is important since 8-OHdG higher levels have been observed in active adult smoker [57,58] than in pregnant women [55,56].…”

Urinary biomarkers for secondhand smoke and heated tobacco products exposure

“…Analysis of tobacco exposure biomarkers. We determined the urinary nicotine, cotinine, 3-HC, and NNAL levels according to the method of Kawasaki et al (31) with slight modifications. Briefly, 500 μl aliquots of the urine samples were thawed and mixed with 500 μl of 50 mmol acetate buffer (pH 4.0), followed by the addition of 2 μl of dl-cotinine (methyl-D 3 ) and NNAL (1,2',3',4',5',6'-13 C 6 ) stock solutions as internal standards.…”

“…Other MS conditions were the same as previously reported. (31) Analysis of DNA damage biomarkers. Urinary m 7 Gua and 8-OHdG concentrations were determined by the previously described method.…”

Health examination results and work environment factors affecting urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine levels

“…12 In addition, a recent longitudinal study has revealed a decrease in urinary 8-OHdG levels by smoking cessation. 13 Previous studies also reported the negative correlation between body mass index (BMI) and urinary 8-OHdG levels. 8,11 The mechanism remains unclear, although obesity is a risk factor for lifestyle-related diseases.…”