Effects of Smoke on Seed Germination of Twenty Species of Fire-Prone Habitats in Florida

Lindon, Heather; Menges, Eric S.

doi:10.2179/0008-7475(2008)73[106:eososg]2.0.co;2

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…De Lange and Boucher (1990) were the first to report that compounds found in plant smoke stimulated seed germination. Since their initial work, many other studies have shown that specific watersoluble compounds found in the smoke from burning plant tissue play an important role in breaking seed dormancy (Dixon et al, 1995;Brown and van Staden, 1997;Blank and Young, 1998;Keeley and Fotheringham, 1998;Tieu et al, 1999;Landis, 2000;Pennacchio et al, 2007;Jefferson et al, 2008;Lindon and Menges, 2008). Investigations of smoke compounds focused on plant species from shrub land in South Africa, Florida and Western Australia; chaparral in California; and tall grass prairie in the Midwestern United States (De Lange and Boucher, 1990;Brown, 1993aBrown, , 1993bDixon et al, 1995;Keeley and Fotheringham, 1998;Tieu et al, 1999;Cochrane et al, 2002;Pennacchio et al, 2007;Jefferson et al, 2008;Lindon and Menges, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since their initial work, many other studies have shown that specific watersoluble compounds found in the smoke from burning plant tissue play an important role in breaking seed dormancy (Dixon et al, 1995;Brown and van Staden, 1997;Blank and Young, 1998;Keeley and Fotheringham, 1998;Tieu et al, 1999;Landis, 2000;Pennacchio et al, 2007;Jefferson et al, 2008;Lindon and Menges, 2008). Investigations of smoke compounds focused on plant species from shrub land in South Africa, Florida and Western Australia; chaparral in California; and tall grass prairie in the Midwestern United States (De Lange and Boucher, 1990;Brown, 1993aBrown, , 1993bDixon et al, 1995;Keeley and Fotheringham, 1998;Tieu et al, 1999;Cochrane et al, 2002;Pennacchio et al, 2007;Jefferson et al, 2008;Lindon and Menges, 2008). Reports show that some of the most widely described stimulants in smoke are Karrikins (a class of butenolide derivatives), water-soluble, naturally occurring compounds that are created from burning plant tissue and are involved with breaking seed dormancy (Flematti et al, 2004(Flematti et al, , 2008(Flematti et al, , 2009Pennacchio et al, 2007), enhancing germination and seedling growth of different plant familes (Muhammad et al, 2014) (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Standardized smoke solutions could be produced from burning cellulose filter paper (Flematti et al, 2004). Many studies use direct fumigation of seeds to enhance seed germination (De Lange and Boucher, 1990;Brown et al, 1993;Baxter et al, 1995;Dixon et al, 1995;Blank and Young, 1998;Pennacchio et al, 2007;Jefferson et al, 2008;Lindon and Menges, 2008). Direct fumigation of seeds is effective for promotion of germination of some species, but because the identified active compounds are known to be water soluble, they could naturally be carried into the soil by rainwater or snow melt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant derived smoke stimulation for seed germination and enhancement of crop growth: A review

Govindaraj¹,

Masilamani²,

Albert³

et al. 2016

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Smoke is an important factor involved in fire and post fire germination cues. The role of smoke in stimulating germination was first highlighted in South Africa in a study on Audouinia capitata, a threatened fynbos species. Farmers throughout the world have traditionally used fire and smoke in grain drying practices. It is thought that these methods improve germination and seedling vigor. Smoke has been applied in agriculture mainly by two ways viz., Aerosol method and Smoke water method. In aerosol method, seeds were directly exposed to smoke generated from burning plant material. Smoke-water is one of the most convenient means of application. The biologically active compounds present in smoke readily dissolve in water and when this smoke-extract is used as a diluted solution, treated seeds of many species show a marked improvement in germination. The main active germination compound of smoke-water derived from burned plant materials and cellulose has been identified as butenolide [3-methyl-2H-furo (2, 3-c) pyran-2-one], which is effective at very low concentrations (1 ppb). The compound has recently been referred to as "karrikinolide". Following the initial isolation of KAR1, a whole new family of plant growth regulators, termed 'karrikins', were identified in smoke and several related compounds have been synthesized. It is estimated that between 2 and 5 g of KAR1 is more than sufficient for 1 ha of land application rates that are commercially viable. Application of smoke in various agricultural, horticultural forage and forestry crops had found that smoke acted as a cue for breaking seeds of dormancy, improve seed germination, seedling growth, flowering, plant biomass of different plant families, Invitro plantlet regeneration and pathogen control (Anti-microbial properties).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant derived smoke stimulation for seed germination and enhancement of crop growth: A review

Govindaraj¹,

Masilamani²,

Albert³

et al. 2016

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“…Seeds of some species from fire-prone habitats, such as tallgrass prairies, can be stimulated to germinate with low-intensity fire or cues, as demonstrated in studies in which smoke and ash solutions promoted successful germination of plant spe cies native to tallgrass prairies (Van Staden et al 2000, Flematti et al 2004, Pennacchio et al 2007, Jefferson et al 2008, Lindon and Menges 2008, Ervin et al 2010. For chaparral, another fireprone habitat, some, but not all, of the tested species had greater germination with Wright's® hickory seasoning at concentrations of 1:100, 1:500, and 1:1,000 (Keeley et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Seed Treatments and Fertilizer on Growth ofPenstemon tubaeflorus

et al. 2014

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Penstemon tubaeflorus is a North American prairie forb of conservation concern.Protocols for seed germination and transplant production involving fertilization are needed for conservation purposes. Our objectives were to compare techniques for breaking seed dormancy and increasing germination, and to investigate fertilizer on growth of Penstemon tubaeflorus. Seed treatments were hickory smoke seasoning solution (1:10, 1:100, 1:500, and 1:1,000), light vs. dark, prairie plant ash solution (2, 4, 8, and 16 g/L), and cold moist stratification (1 or 2 mo at 4°C). Seeds were germinated in Petri dishes in germination chambers and counted for 21 d. For hickory solutions, 1:100 had the highest germination (51%), and seeds germinated in light, but not in the dark. For ash solutions, 8 g/L (6%) and control (4%) germinations were higher than 2 g/L with 4 g/L and 16 g/L being intermediate. Germination increased for both stratification durations (37%) compared to control (2%). For fertilizer studies, seeds were planted in soilless mix with no fertilizer, liquid fertilizer (20-20-20 at 1.25 g/L water), or solid fertilizer (14-14-14 slow release at 14.6 g/L mix) in growth chambers. After 7 wk, shoot fresh mass, leaf number, leaf area, crown diameter, root length, and shoot dry mass were measured. Seedling growth was greatest with solid fertilizer compared to control and liquid fertilizer, which were similar. Overall, hickory solution at 1:100 with light produced the highest percent germination among all treatments, and solid fertilizer was most effective for transplant development. These findings are useful for management or restoration of P. tubaeflorus populations.

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“…Outside of mediterranean-climate ecosystems, smoke as a germination cue has been less often investigated. A recent study in fire-prone upland Florida habitats found smoke-cued germination to be rare (present in three of 20 species, Lindon and Menges, 2008). Grassland ecosystems are often maintained by recurring fire and many grassland species are considered well adapted to fire.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germination response of grassland species to plant-derived smoke

Schwilk

Zavala

2012

Journal of Arid Environments

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Effects of Smoke on Seed Germination of Twenty Species of Fire-Prone Habitats in Florida

Cited by 30 publications

References 1 publication

Plant derived smoke stimulation for seed germination and enhancement of crop growth: A review

Plant derived smoke stimulation for seed germination and enhancement of crop growth: A review

Investigation of Seed Treatments and Fertilizer on Growth ofPenstemon tubaeflorus

Germination response of grassland species to plant-derived smoke

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