Effects of SmartWater, a fluorescent mark, on the dispersal, behavior, and biocontrol efficacy of Phytoseiulus persimilis

Rosser, Emma; Willden, Samantha A; Loeb, Gregory M.

doi:10.1007/s10493-022-00732-9

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The present study and others have shown that this fluorophore has high marking efficacy and is well retained on whiteflies (Hagler et al, 2021(Hagler et al, , 2022, as it is on other arthropods (Faiman et al, 2021;Rosser et al, 2022). Here, we show that the mark can be detected easily on whiteflies while they are still trapped in sticky card adhesive.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

A labor‐saving marking and sampling technique for mark‐release‐recapture research

Hagler

Casey

Hull

et al. 2022

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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A marking and recapture sampling method was developed that shows promise for studying the dispersal behavior of small and delicate arthropods. Adult sweetpotato whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), were externally marked with a liquid fluorophore that glows brightly under ultraviolet (UV) light. Then, a series of simulated recapture tests on fluorophore-marked whiteflies using yellow sticky cards were conducted. The marked whiteflies captured on the sticky cards were detected by direct visual inspection of photographs taken of the cards under white light and UV light. Whitefly counts taken under white and UV light were almost identical, implying high marking efficacy and visual distinctiveness. These results suggest that this fluorophore marking and sampling method could eliminate the tedious task of removing specimens from sticky cards and examining them individually for the presence of a mark.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

A labor‐saving marking and sampling technique for mark‐release‐recapture research

Hagler

Casey

Hull

et al. 2022

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…Regarding the latter, novel marking techniques such as SmartWater open great opportunities for individual trackability even for such tiny animals as plant-inhabiting mites, which have body lengths of 0.5 mm and less (e.g. Rosser et al, 2022). On the very positive side, small size renders some mite and spider species perfectly accessible for manipulative experimentation in the laboratory; their small size allows keeping and observing single individuals and even populations and communities in small microcosms of few cm² or cm³.…”

Section: Operational Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grand challenges and bold opportunities in arachnid ecology and behavior

Schausberger

2022

Front. Arachn. Sci.

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BackgroundThe Arachnida represent a mega-diverse lineage within the Arthropoda and are the second largest (speciose) class of invertebrates (first are the insects with around 955.000 described species), with about 91.200 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/) to 114.200 (Zhang, 2013) species named and described (90% of which are spiders and mites/ticks) but an estimated 1 to 1.5 million species, especially mites, waiting to be detected and named (Krantz and Walter, 2009;Walter and Proctor, 2013;Zhang, 2013). The number of currently known arachnid species is more than all vertebrates together, although the arachnid species number is just about 1/10 th to 1/15 th of the estimated number of species truly present, yet is in comparison close to being complete in the vertebrates (70.300 described species) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/). Arachnids are similar to insects in evolutionary success and history. The fossil history of the Chelicerata, to which the Arachnida belong to, dates back to 500 million years ago. The Arachnida comprise groups, such as the Acari (mites and ticks), that are extremely diverse and can be found about anywhere in the world, from aquatic to terrestrial, from rainforests to deserts, from mountain tops to valleys, from the icy Arctic and Antarctic to burning hot deserts (Krantz and Walter, 2009;Walter and Proctor, 2013), while others are almost exclusively terrestrial but similarly diverse in habitat use, i.e. the Araneae (spiders), with just one truly aquatic species (e.g. Foelix 2010, Dimitrov and Hormiga, 2021). While the Araneae are comparatively homogenous in foraging stylesall are true predators and most are prey generalists, yet showing an impressive array of true predation styles, from ambushing to active hunting to luring and trappingthe Acari are very diverse, from strictly parasitic throughout life, to changing between parasitic and free-living, to living on the same host throughout life and over several generations, to changing hosts to being always free-living, from fungivores, detritivores to herbivores, carnivores and omnivores, from habitat and diet generalists to extreme specialists exploiting just one type of food or individual host (e.g. Walter and Proctor, 2013). Extreme diversity and variability also apply to reproductive modes, which span from sexual direct and indirect sperm transfer to asexual cloning (thelytoky). Together, the arachnids are mega-diverse in all major aspects of ecology and behavior.The grand challenges presented here are viewed from an arachnid perspective though some are not specific to arachnids, as are some overarching questions addressed in arachnid research. The challenges and opportunities mentioned are not meant to be exhaustive, are certainly partly subjective and growing out of own current interests and Frontiers in Arachnid Science frontiersin.org 01

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An Effective Fluorescent Marker for Tracking the Dispersal of Small Insects with Field Evidence of Mark–Release–Recapture of Trissolcus japonicus

Paul,

Hagler,

Janasov

et al. 2024

Insects

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Understanding insect dispersal helps us predict the spread of insect pests and their natural enemies. Dispersal can be studied by marking, releasing, and recapturing insects, known as mark–release–recapture (MRR). MRR techniques should be convenient, economical, and persistent. Currently, there are limited options for marking small parasitoids that do not impact their fitness and dispersal ability. We evaluated commercially available fluorescent markers used in forensics. These fluorophores can easily be detected by ultraviolet (UV) light, requiring minimal costs and labor to process the marked specimens. This fluorophore marking technique was evaluated with the pest Drosophila suzukii and three parasitoids: Trissolcus japonicus, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae, Ganaspis brasiliensis (=G. kimorum). We evaluated the persistence of the marks on all the insects over time and examined the parasitoids for impacts on longevity, parasitism, locomotor activity, and flight take-off. The green fluorophore marker persisted for over 20 days on all four species. Marking generally did not consistently reduce the survival, parasitism rate, locomotor activity, or take-off of the parasitoids tested. Marked T. japonicus were recaptured in the field up to 100 m away from the release point and three weeks after release, indicating that this technique is a viable method for studying parasitoid dispersal.

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Effects of SmartWater, a fluorescent mark, on the dispersal, behavior, and biocontrol efficacy of Phytoseiulus persimilis

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

A labor‐saving marking and sampling technique for mark‐release‐recapture research

A labor‐saving marking and sampling technique for mark‐release‐recapture research

Grand challenges and bold opportunities in arachnid ecology and behavior

An Effective Fluorescent Marker for Tracking the Dispersal of Small Insects with Field Evidence of Mark–Release–Recapture of Trissolcus japonicus

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