Effects of smartphone use with and without blue light at night in healthy adults: A randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled comparison

Heo, Jin-Seok; Kim, Ki-Won; Fava, Maurizio; Mischoulon, David; Papakostas, George I.; Kim, Minji; Kim, Dong Jun; Chang, Kyung Hwan; Oh, Yunhye; Yu, Bum-Hee; Jeon, Hong Jin

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.12.010

Cited by 139 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Most studies (n = 19) included both sexes. One study was focused only on women [120], with nine studies only on men [121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129], and, in five studies, the sex was not specified [130][131][132][133][134]. Excluding 179 persons, for which sex or number of participants in each sex group was not specified, the majority of the remaining 1136 participants was male (n = 611, 53.8%).…”

Section: Mammals (Humans) (A) Description Of Studies and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Pollution, Circadian Photoreception, and Melatonin in Vertebrates

et al. 2019

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Artificial light at night (ALAN) is increasing exponentially worldwide, accelerated by the transition to new efficient lighting technologies. However, ALAN and resulting light pollution can cause unintended physiological consequences. In vertebrates, production of melatonin—the “hormone of darkness” and a key player in circadian regulation—can be suppressed by ALAN. In this paper, we provide an overview of research on melatonin and ALAN in vertebrates. We discuss how ALAN disrupts natural photic environments, its effect on melatonin and circadian rhythms, and different photoreceptor systems across vertebrate taxa. We then present the results of a systematic review in which we identified studies on melatonin under typical light-polluted conditions in fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, including humans. Melatonin is suppressed by extremely low light intensities in many vertebrates, ranging from 0.01–0.03 lx for fishes and rodents to 6 lx for sensitive humans. Even lower, wavelength-dependent intensities are implied by some studies and require rigorous testing in ecological contexts. In many studies, melatonin suppression occurs at the minimum light levels tested, and, in better-studied groups, melatonin suppression is reported to occur at lower light levels. We identify major research gaps and conclude that, for most groups, crucial information is lacking. No studies were identified for amphibians and reptiles and long-term impacts of low-level ALAN exposure are unknown. Given the high sensitivity of vertebrate melatonin production to ALAN and the paucity of available information, it is crucial to research impacts of ALAN further in order to inform effective mitigation strategies for human health and the wellbeing and fitness of vertebrates in natural ecosystems.

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Section: Mammals (Humans) (A) Description Of Studies and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Pollution, Circadian Photoreception, and Melatonin in Vertebrates

et al. 2019

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“…Cross reaction of the antibody is 1.2% for N-acetyl serotonin and 2.5% for 5-methoxy tryptamine, but presumably this is decreased following the extraction. Daytime melatonin levels are reported to be approximately 20 pg/mL, 53 14 pg/mL 54 or 10 pg/mL. 55 Other manufacturers/distributors of serum/plasma ELISAs have appeared on the market recently.…”

Section: Serum/plasma Elisasmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of melatonin assays: Past and present

Kennaway

2019

Journal of Pineal Research

106

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There has been increased interest in the measurement of melatonin in plasma and saliva recently either as a marker of circadian phase or to understand the physiological role of melatonin. For both situations, there is a need for a specific assay for melatonin that is sensitive enough to detect low concentrations (<2 pg/mL). Since the mid‐1970s, there have been many assays developed to measure melatonin in blood and saliva. Radioimmunoassays and ELISA have predominated because of their relative simplicity and high throughput. In this review, I show that the early radioimmunoassays while providing valuable information about nocturnal melatonin levels in humans, generally produced inaccurate basal (daytime) levels. Mass spectrometry assays, however, have provided us with the target values that immunoassays need to achieve, that is, daytime plasma melatonin levels <1 pg/mL. There are now many contemporary commercial assays available utilising both RIA and ELISA technologies, but not all achieve the standards set by the mass spectrometry assays. The performance of these assays is reviewed. I conclude with recommendations on issues researchers need to consider when conducting melatonin studies, including the importance of time of day of collection, validation of assays, the potential causes of poor assay specificity at low levels, the advantages/disadvantages of using saliva vs plasma and extraction assays vs direct assays, kit manufacturers responsibilities and the reporting requirements when publishing melatonin studies.

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“…Although mobile devices allow users to perform a variety of tasks quickly, easily, and effectively, they can (in extreme cases) also lead to serious medical and physical problems. For instance, from a physical point of view, these problems include poor physical fitness (Guthold et al 2020;Lepp et al 2015;Rebold et al 2016), sleep deprivation (van der Schuur et al 2019), excessive exposure to radiation (Stevens and Egger 2017), "screen dermatitis" (Corazza et al 2016), tumors (Kim et al 2016;Heo et al 2017), and infertility (Belyaev et al 2015). Mobile devices can also interfere with driving safety and cause serious accidents (International Telecommunication Union 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS)

Soraci

Ferrari

Urso

et al. 2020

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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The aim of the present study was to test the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS; Csibi et al., International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 16, 393-403, 2018), a short and easy to use six-item tool for screening the risk of addiction to smartphone-based applications. A further goal was to explore the impact on smartphone addiction of several variables related to smartphone use habits, perceived quality of life, and sociability measures. The data were collected online from 205 Italian-speaking volunteers (128 males and 77 females aged 18 to 99 years). The psychometric instruments included in the study were the SABAS and the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q). Psychometric testing showed that the six items included in the SABAS comprised a unidimensional factor with good reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .890). Therefore, the SABAS appears to be a reliable instrument to assess the risk of addiction to smartphone apps. Moreover, longer daily time spent using the smartphone was found to be positively correlated with the total SABAS and NMP-Q scores, while perceived quality of life and self-reported sociability were found to be negatively correlated with such scores.

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Effects of smartphone use with and without blue light at night in healthy adults: A randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled comparison

Cited by 139 publications

References 48 publications

Light Pollution, Circadian Photoreception, and Melatonin in Vertebrates

Light Pollution, Circadian Photoreception, and Melatonin in Vertebrates

A critical review of melatonin assays: Past and present

Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS)

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