Effects of Size, Shape, Surface Charge and Functionalization on Cytotoxicity of Gold Nanoparticles

Abstract

Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are emerging as promising nanomaterials from which we construct diagnostic and therapeutic nanosystems. For understanding the fundamental behaviors of Au NPs with biological systems, interactions of Au NPs and cells should be considered¯rst. In this review, we present a detailed analysis of data on the cytotoxicity of most popular Au NPs including gold nanoclusters (Au NCs), spherical Au NPs, gold nanoshells (Au NSs) and gold nanorods (Au NRs). Relationships correlating the cell models, physicochemical properties (size, shape, chemical functionality and surface charge) of Au NPs and cytotoxicity are discussed on the basis of data analysis. Some general conclusions, current challenges and future prospects/solutions on the issue have been provided.

Tackling Imatinib Resistance via Au‐nanoconjugates using A Cml Resistant Cell Line

“…As explained before, due to the different properties of the nanoconjugates (size, charge, polydispersion index) their internalization rate might vary, and one type may be internalized faster and/or more efficiently compared to the other, leading to different silencing efficacies at mRNA level (as we are targeting mRNA) compared to the protein levels (as observed in this study). [72][73][74][75] By using a single multifunctional nanoparticle (conjugation of both ASOs onto the same nanoparticle) this bias might be minimized but requiring more comprehensive stoichiometric control over synthesis and conjugation.…”

Benefits and challenges of nanomaterials in assisted reproductive technologies

“…The applicability of nanoparticles has been used to improve the selection of sperm, semen sexing, and cryopreservation in several species of farm animals (Bisla et al, 2020; Domínguez et al, 2018; Isaac et al, 2017). It is important to emphasize that their size, surface volume, composition, shape, and surface functionalization are very important for their efficiency, since different nanoparticles have different effects when exposed to sperm (Z. Li et al, 2015; Taylor et al, 2015; Truong et al, 2019). The use of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles has benefic effects in the process of sexing semen in swine and bovine species, neither having cytotoxic effects nor interfering in the descendant generated from the magnetic nanoselection in swine species (Farine et al, 2016; Durfey et al, 2017).…”

A Study on Au(I)‐thiolate Nanosheets as Water‐dispersible UV Absorbents

“…The cytotoxicity of Au nanoparticles with various sizes, shapes and surface charges have been studied by other researchers. [47] Au(I)-thiolate have also been studied for use in human body as drugs and tissue scaffolds, [48][49] suggesting their low toxicity. Here, we studied the cellular toxicity of Au(I)-thiolate nanosheets by MTT method.…”