Effects of site preparation on emergence and early establishment of Larix olgensis in montane regions of northeastern China

Zhu, Jiaojun; Liu, Z. G.; Wang, H. X.; Yan, Qiaoling; Fang, Hua; Hu, L. L.; Yu, Liang

doi:10.1007/s11056-008-9097-4

Cited by 44 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This phenomenon may largely be due to the responses of seed germination and/or seedling survival of environmental variations induced by the shading degree and seed positioning in the soil. A similar phenomenon was observed for Larix olgensis Henry -rather than the germination percentage of L. olgensis-as seed survival rates varied with canopy openness and site preparation (Zhu et al, 2008). However, as P. koraiensis seedlings are capable of surviving under dense canopies (Hao et al, 2007), the regeneration pattern of P. koraiensis seedlings may be primarily due to seed germination variations under different environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…The experiment began in May 2010, and the number of germinated seeds was recorded at three or five-day intervals until the experiment was terminated in October 2010 when no further germination occurred for at least two weeks. Germination was defined as the first needle sprout becoming visible (Xiong and Nilsson, 1999;Argyris et al, 2008;Zhu et al, 2008).…”

Section: Shade House Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seed germination of Pinus koraiensis in response to light regimes caused by shading and seed positions

2012

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Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc. (Korean pine), the dominant tree species in the mixed broadleaved Korean pine forests (regional climax), is severely restricted by its regeneration failure. To determine the effects of light regimes on P. koraiensis regeneration, the seed germination process was examined in shade houses and forest stands (before and after leaf expansion) with various light levels created by shading and seed positions. Despite the large size of P. koraiensis seeds (500-600 mg), both light intensity and quality significantly affected the germination percentage in both shade houses and forests. Substantial changes in light intensity and quality led the majority of seeds (80%) to germinate in leafless forests and shade houses, while only a minority (≤ 20%) germinated after leaf expansion in the forests. Moreover, seed germination in shade houses and leafless forests exhibited similar patterns; they consistently reached a 70% shading degree, which was optimal for the seed germination of P. koraiensis on topsoil. Seed positioning significantly affected germination for each shading degree, especially when litter and soil coverings drastically inhibited germination. In conclusion, (1) when seeds were not stressed by temperature and moisture, light irradiance played a critical role in the seed germination of P. koraiensis; (2) seed positioning, in relation to alterations in light intensity and quality, affected the germination of P. koraiensis; (3) a shade house experiment using neutral cloth provided an applicable and controllable way to monitor the P. koraiensis seed germination in early spring before leaf expansion. The light requirement for the germination of P. koraiensis played a key role in the regeneration of P. koraiensis throughout the temperate secondary forests.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Shade House Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed germination of Pinus koraiensis in response to light regimes caused by shading and seed positions

2012

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“…Annual average precipitation in the area is 811 mm and mean annual air temperature is 4.7 °C with a maximum 36.5 °C in July and a minimum -37.6 °C in January. The frost-free period lasts 130 days and the growing season ranges from early April to late September (Zhu et al 2008 …”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum light transmittance for seed germination and early seedling recruitment of Pinus koraiensis: implications for natural regeneration

Zhang¹,

Yan²,

Zhu³

2015

iForest

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(1-2) Light transmittance regulated by canopy openness influences the microsite conditions for natural regeneration. The successful transition from seed germination to subsequent seedling recruitment (i.e., early seedling survival and growth) determines the natural regeneration potential. However, there is little information on the effect of varying light transmittance on seed germination and seedling recruitment of Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc. (Korean pine). We aimed to determine the optimum light requirements for this transition process in P. koraiensis to propose practical measures for improving its natural regeneration. The transition process was studied under five light transmittance regimes (100%, 60%, 30%, 15% and 5% of full light) over two consecutive years (2010 and 2011). The highest germination percentage in both years occurred at 30% light transmittance. Generally, mean germination time (MGT) declined with increased light transmittance. Seedling survival exhibited no significant differences between treatments for 1-year-old seedlings, but was higher at 30% than at 5% light transmittance for the 2-year-old seedlings. In contrast, seedling height, root collar diameter and total biomass were highest at 60%-100% light transmittance for both 1-and 2-year-old seedlings. Furthermore, the light transmittance also influenced the growth characteristics of P. koraiensis seedlings through regulating MGT. These results suggest that growth of P. koraiensis seedling requires a higher light transmittance (60-100%) than that required for seed germination, even though 30% light transmittance was favorable to the earlier emergence with larger specific leaf area. Silvicultural measures such as thinning are recommended to increase light irradiance in the forest understorey with the aim of improving the natural regeneration of P. koraiensis.

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“…Illumination was provided by 200-W plant growth lamps (Oudi TM Co., Huzhou, Zhejiang, China), which promised a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) to be 150 µmol m -2 s -1 measured at seedling apical tip. The 18-h photoperiod has been considered sufficient for seedling growth and a PPFD of ~150 µmol m -2 s -1 was the light intensity observed in the environment where Changbai larch saplings were regenerated (Zhu et al 2008). All transplanted seedlings were watered using nutritional solutions every two days at a rate of 200 ml seedling -1 each time.…”

Section: Growth Chamber Transplant Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Starch reduction in early stages of posttransplant seedling growth was caused by shoot growth (Willaume & Pagès 2011) and new root egress (Sloan & Jacobs 2008, Vargas et al 2009, Willaume & Pagès 2011. We employed the low light intensity of 150 µmol m -2 s -1 with the aim of mimicking the natural conditions of Changbai larch regeneration, but this light intensity was also found to result in poor performance of regenerated Changbai larch seedlings (Zhu et al 2008). Some studies have reported that light compensation point (LCP) for Changbai larch seedlings is ~40 µmol m -2 s -1 (Zhao et al 2007, Mao et al 2010, while the LCP for this species ranged from 100 to 170 µmol m -2 s -1 (Wang et al 2002).…”

Section: Post-transplant Carbohydrate Metabolism and Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate metabolism during new root growth in transplanted Larix olgensis seedlings: post-transplant response to nursery-applied inorganic fertilizer and organic amendment

Wei¹,

Guo²

2017

iForest

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Sustainable agriculture often requires the incorporation of organic matter into cultural protocols as an amendment to mitigate problems caused by chemical inputs, but the responses of transplanted seedlings to such additions have not been well quantified. In this study, bare-root Changbai larch (Larix olgensis Henry) seedlings were applied with 100 or 200 kg nitrogen (N) ha -1 of inorganic fertilizer with or without chicken manure added at a rate of 10,000 kg ha -1 during nursery cultivation, obtaining four treatment combinations designated as F100+, F200+, F100-, and F200-, respectively. Over-winter seedlings were transplanted into pots and placed in a growth chamber, where the carbohydrate metabolism, biomass accumulation, root respiration, and new root number were quantified. Both initial soluble sugar and total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) accumulation were the lowest in the F100+ treatment. However, two months later, root soluble sugar content was the highest in this treatment, while coarse-root (diameter > 2mm) carbohydrate content was the highest in the low rate of inorganic fertilizer treatment. During the two-month post-transplant period, the net carbohydrate accumulation rate (NCAR) for starch was negative for all treatments, but the NCAR value for soluble sugars was the highest in the F100+ treatment at both the root and whole-plant scales. Relative to the F200-treatment, the NCAR value for soluble sugars, final sugar content, and biomass accumulation in coarse roots, respiration rate of fine roots (diameter ≤ 2 mm), and new root number were all greater in the F100+ treatment, while new root number was increased by organic matter additions. In conclusion, the use of chicken manure as an organic amendment had the potential to enhance transplanted larch seedling performance by improving post-transplant new root number, but this application must be considered within the context of the interaction between organic amendment treatments and inorganic fertilizer applications.

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Effects of site preparation on emergence and early establishment of Larix olgensis in montane regions of northeastern China

Cited by 44 publications

References 21 publications

Seed germination of Pinus koraiensis in response to light regimes caused by shading and seed positions

Seed germination of Pinus koraiensis in response to light regimes caused by shading and seed positions

Optimum light transmittance for seed germination and early seedling recruitment of Pinus koraiensis: implications for natural regeneration

Carbohydrate metabolism during new root growth in transplanted Larix olgensis seedlings: post-transplant response to nursery-applied inorganic fertilizer and organic amendment

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