Effects of siRNA-mediated silencing of Sal-like 4 expression on proliferation and apoptosis of prostate cancer C4-2 cells

Liu, K F; Shan, Ying

doi:10.4238/gmr.15027885

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Overexpression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 inhibits cell apoptosis and leads to an imbalance between enhanced proliferation and weakened programmed death through downregulation of Bax [73,74]. SALL4 overexpression in MDS and AML cells results in an increase in Bcl-2 expression and cell survival [75], whereas SALL4 knockdown markedly inhibits Bcl-2 expression in prostate cancer [76], breast cancer [16,77], colorectal cancer (CRC) [78], and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) [79], and it induces the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax in prostate cancer [76] and NPC [79].…”

Section: Sall4 Regulates Expression Of Bcl-2 and Baxmentioning

confidence: 99%

SALL4 Oncogenic Function in Cancers: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Relevance

Sun

et al. 2022

IJMS

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SALL4, a member of the SALL family, is an embryonic stem cell regulator involved in self-renewal and pluripotency. Recently, SALL4 overexpression was found in malignant cancers, including lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, osteosarcoma, acute myeloid leukemia, ovarian cancer, and glioma. This review updates recent advances of our knowledge of the biology of SALL4 with a focus on its mechanisms and regulatory functions in tumors and human hematopoiesis. SALL4 overexpression promotes proliferation, development, invasion, and migration in cancers through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT, and Notch signaling pathways; expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation genes; and inhibition of the expression of the Bcl-2 family, caspase-related proteins, and death receptors. Additionally, SALL4 regulates tumor progression correlated with the immune microenvironment involved in the TNF family and gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms, consequently affecting hematopoiesis. Therefore, SALL4 plays a critical oncogenic role in gene transcription and tumor growth. However, there are still some scientific hypotheses to be tested regarding whether SALL4 is a therapeutic target, such as different tumor microenvironments and drug resistance. Thus, an in-depth understanding and study of the functions and mechanisms of SALL4 in cancer may help develop novel strategies for cancer therapy.

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Section: Sall4 Regulates Expression Of Bcl-2 and Baxmentioning

confidence: 99%

SALL4 Oncogenic Function in Cancers: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Relevance

Sun

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…53 Recently, SALL4 has been demonstrated to be significantly upregulated in certain types of human cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma, 54 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, 55 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 54 breast cancer, 39 gastric cancer, 56 lung cancer, 30 and prostate cancer. 57 Deng et al 55 revealed that an upregulation of SALL4 expression could help to the cancer progression in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma as well as associated with poor prognosis in the cholangiocarcinoma patients. 54 In another study, Oikawa et al 58 indicated that upregulation of SALL4 expression was associated with an increase of cell proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knockdown of sal‐like 4 expression by small interfering RNA induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells

Hesari

Anoshiravani

Talebi

et al. 2018

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancers worldwide and causes a significant amount of deaths annually. Spalt-like transcription factor 4 is known as a transcription factor, which has an important role in the proliferation of cancerous cells. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a short-chain molecule of 20 to 25 nucleotides that protrude on two sides of the 3′, two nucleotides. In this study, using a specific sequence of siRNA against the sequence of this gene, its activity is investigated in the cell line of breast cancer. The breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were cultured and then, using a specific anti-sal-like 4 (SALL4) siRNA, their toxic doses were determined. Then, the gene is transfected into the cell. Proliferation and expression of the SALL4 and BCL-2 gene were measured using the real-time polymerase chain reaction method. The specific concentration of siRNA IC 50 of the SALL4 gene was 40.35 nmole. Gene expression results indicated that the expression of the Bcl-2 gene in the siRNA group was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). SiRNA can increase the apoptosis of breast cancer cells by reducing the gene expression of SALL4 gene and Bcl-2; it can be used as a novel targeted therapy. This strategy, in addition to increasing the specificity of the drug, also reduces the side effects when compared with conventional chemotherapy. K E Y W O R D S biomarker, breast cancer, diagnosis, spalt-like transcription factor 4 | INTRODUCTIONBreast cancer is accounted as the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Breast cancer can be affected by a wide range of internal and external factors and is also characterized by molecular heterogeneity 1,2 and drug resistance is the major obstacle for its successful chemotherapy. 3 Despite various existing screening programs and new therapeutic strategies including gene therapy, 4,5 cell therapy, 6-13 and using a new generation of drug delivery systems 14-21 finding and developing new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in the treatment of various cancers such as breast cancer are required. [22][23][24][25][26][27] To enhance the therapeutic efficacy of breast cancer, it is imperative to understand profoundly the molecular pathogenesis of cancer cells as well as identify newer candidate genes/proteins, which are crucial in the proliferating and J Cell Biochem. 2019;120:9392-9399. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jcb 9392 |

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“…Another example is Sal-like 4 (SALL4), an oncogene factor with stimulatory impacts on the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells [ 107 , 108 ]. Decreasing the expression of SALL4 using siRNA stimulates apoptotic cell death in PCa cells via upward regulation of pro-apoptotic factor Bax and downward regulation of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 [ 109 ].…”

Section: Sirna Targets Signaling Pathways: Focus On Pca Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Delivery of siRNA-Based Therapeutics Employing Nano-Vehicles for Treatment of Prostate Cancer

et al. 2020

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Prostate cancer (PCa) accounts for a high number of deaths in males with no available curative treatments. Patients with PCa are commonly diagnosed in advanced stages due to the lack of symptoms in the early stages. Recently, the research focus was directed toward gene editing in cancer therapy. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) intervention is considered as a powerful tool for gene silencing (knockdown), enabling the suppression of oncogene factors in cancer. This strategy is applied to the treatment of various cancers including PCa. The siRNA can inhibit proliferation and invasion of PCa cells and is able to promote the anti-tumor activity of chemotherapeutic agents. However, the off-target effects of siRNA therapy remarkably reduce its efficacy in PCa therapy. To date, various carriers were designed to improve the delivery of siRNA and, among them, nanoparticles are of importance. Nanoparticles enable the targeted delivery of siRNAs and enhance their potential in the downregulation of target genes of interest. Additionally, nanoparticles can provide a platform for the co-delivery of siRNAs and anti-tumor drugs, resulting in decreased growth and migration of PCa cells. The efficacy, specificity, and delivery of siRNAs are comprehensively discussed in this review to direct further studies toward using siRNAs and their nanoscale-delivery systems in PCa therapy and perhaps other cancer types.

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Effects of siRNA-mediated silencing of Sal-like 4 expression on proliferation and apoptosis of prostate cancer C4-2 cells

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

SALL4 Oncogenic Function in Cancers: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Relevance

SALL4 Oncogenic Function in Cancers: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Relevance

Knockdown of sal‐like 4 expression by small interfering RNA induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells

Progress in Delivery of siRNA-Based Therapeutics Employing Nano-Vehicles for Treatment of Prostate Cancer

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