Effects of Sire, Age of Dam and Gestation Feed Level on Dystocia and Postpartum Reproduction

Bellows, R. A.; Short, R. E.; Richardson, G. V.

doi:10.2527/jas1982.55118x

Cited by 84 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…Variation in feed energy available to the dam during this period resulted in differences in birth weight, ranging from 0 to 8.2 kg (Dunn et al, 1969;Tudor, 1972;Laster, 1974;Corah et al, 1975;Bellows and Short, 1978;Kroker and Cummins, 1979;Bellows et al, 1982). Similarly, variable protein supply of the diet during the third trimester may or may not (Anthony et al, 1986a;Holland and Odde, 1992) alter birth weight of calves, while restricted or supplemental dietary protein during early or mid-pregnancy had little effect on birth weights (Perry et al, 1999 and.…”

Section: Intrauterine Growth Retardationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal and pre-weaning growth and nutrition of cattle: long-term consequences for beef production

Greenwood

Café

2007

Animal

150

113

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Severe, chronic growth retardation of cattle early in life reduces growth potential, resulting in smaller animals at any given age. Capacity for long-term compensatory growth diminishes as the age of onset of nutritional restriction resulting in prolonged growth retardation declines. Hence, more extreme intrauterine growth retardation can result in slower growth throughout postnatal life. However, within the limits of beef production systems, neither severely restricted growth in utero nor from birth to weaning influences efficiency of nutrient utilisation later in life. Retail yield from cattle severely restricted in growth during pregnancy or from birth to weaning is reduced compared with cattle well grown early in life, when compared at the same age later in life. However, retail yield and carcass composition of low-and high-birth-weight calves are similar at the same carcass weight. At equivalent carcass weights, cattle grown slowly from birth to weaning have carcasses of similar or leaner composition than those grown rapidly. However, if high energy, concentrate feed is provided following severe growth restriction from birth to weaning, then at equivalent weights post-weaning the slowly-grown, small weaners may be fatter than their well-grown counterparts. Restricted prenatal and pre-weaning nutrition and growth do not adversely affect measures of beef quality. Similarly, bovine myofibre characteristics are little affected in the long term by growth in utero or from birth to weaning. Interactions were not evident between prenatal and pre-weaning growth for subsequent growth, efficiency, carcass, yield and beef-quality characteristics, within our pasture-based production systems. Furthermore, interactions between genotype and nutrition early in life, studied using offspring of Piedmontese and Wagyu sired cattle, were not evident for any growth, efficiency, carcass, yield and beef-quality parameters. We propose that within pasture-based production systems for beef cattle, the plasticity of the carcass tissues, particularly of muscle, allows animals that are growth-retarded early in life to attain normal composition at equivalent weights in the long term, albeit at older ages. However, the quality of nutrition during recovery from early life growth retardation may be important in determining the subsequent composition of young, light-weight cattle relative to their heavier counterparts. Finally, it should be emphasised that long-term consequences of more specific and/or acute environmental influences during specific stages of embryonic, foetal and neonatal calf development remain to be determined. This need for further research extends to consequences of nutrition and growth early in life for reproductive capacity.

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Section: Intrauterine Growth Retardationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal and pre-weaning growth and nutrition of cattle: long-term consequences for beef production

Greenwood

Café

2007

Animal

150

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Laster et al (1973) reported that age of dam was a major source of variation of calving difficulty. Bellows et al (1982) showed that dystocia scores for heifers exceeded those for cows ( P < .01), even though calves from cows were 4.0 kg heavier ( P < .01) than calves from heifers. This difference was due to larger precalving pelvic dimensions for cows than heifers, resulting in less disproportion between size of dam and calf.…”

Section: Reproductive Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sire, dam traits, calf traits, and environment on dystocia and subsequent reproduction of two-year-old heifers.

Colburn¹,

Deutscher²,

Nielsen³

et al. 1997

Journal of Animal Science

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ABSTRACT:A study was conducted over 3 yr to evaluate effects of sire birth weight EPD, calf birth weight and shape, and heifer pelvic area and weight, individually and in combination, on dystocia and subsequent rebreeding of 2-yr-old heifers. Heifers ( n = 550), MARC II yearlings, were assigned for breeding to one of four Angus sires with birth weight EPD of −.95, −.82, +2.9, and +2.7 kg. At calving, heifers were assisted as needed. A gauge attached to the calf puller recorded applied traction pressure. Analysis of traction pressure detected only slightly larger amounts of variation ( 2 to 3%) affecting dystocia than the standard five-point scoring system. Dam weight did not affect calving difficulty score (CDS), except dam birth weights were heavier ( P < .05) for CDS 5 (Caesarean section) than CDS 1 (unassisted). Dams requiring Caesarean section had smaller pelvic areas ( P < .05), with no other differences among CDS. The CDS increased as calf birth weight and calf external measurements increased. Low EPD sires produced calves with smaller ( P < .05) birth weights and smaller calf head and foot circumferences and caused less dystocia than high EPD sires. The CDS did not affect subsequent pregnancy rates but did affect conception date of the second calf. Calves delivered by Caesarean section were lighter ( P < .05) at weaning than other calves but had similar slaughter weights. As mean winter temperature increased (6.1°C ) from yr 1 to 3, calf birth weight decreased (4.6 kg) and calving difficulty decreased 23%. Results indicate sire birth weight EPD, calf birth weight and shape, dam pelvic area, and climate affected CDS, and CDS affected subsequent conception date.

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“…On d 0, concurrent with removal of the CIDR insert, estrus detection patches (Estrotect, Rockway Inc., Spring Valley, WI) were affixed to the tail head of each cow according to manufacturer's recommendation. Body condition scores (1 = thin; 9 = obese; Bellows et al, 1982) were assigned (d −17) before the start of the ovulation synchronization program by a trained evaluator (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using estrus detection patches to optimally time insemination improved pregnancy risk in suckled beef cows enrolled in a fixed-time artificial insemination program12

Hill

Grieger

Olson

et al. 2016

Journal of Animal Science

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A multilocation study examined pregnancy risk (PR) after delaying AI in suckled beef cows from 60 to 75 h when estrus had not been detected by 60 h in response to a 7-d CO-Synch + progesterone insert (CIDR) timed AI (TAI) program (d −7: CIDR insert concurrent with an injection of GnRH; d 0: PGF 2α injection and removal of CIDR insert; and GnRH injection at TAI [60 or 75 h after CIDR removal]). A total of 1,611 suckled beef cows at 15 locations in 9 states (CO, IL, KS, MN, MS, MT, ND, SD, and VA) were enrolled. Before applying the fixed-time AI program, BCS was assessed, and blood samples were collected. Estrus was defined to have occurred when an estrus detection patch was >50% colored (activated). Pregnancy was determined 35 d after AI via transrectal ultrasound. Cows (n = 746) detected in estrus by 60 h (46.3%) after CIDR removal were inseminated and treated with GnRH at AI (Control). Remaining nonestrous cows were allocated within location to 3 treatments on the basis of parity and days postpartum: 1) GnRH injection and AI at 60 h (early-early = EE; n = 292), 2) GnRH injection at 60 h and AI at 75 h (early-delayed = ED; n = 282), or 3) GnRH injection and AI at 75 h (delayed-delayed = DD; n = 291). Control cows had a greater (P < 0.01) PR (64.2%) than other treatments (EE = 41.7%, ED = 52.8%, DD = 50.0%). Use of estrus detection patches to delay AI in cows not in estrus by 60 h after CIDR insert removal (ED and DD treatments) increased (P < 0.05) PR to TAI when compared with cows in the EE treatment. More (P < 0.001) cows that showed estrus by 60 h conceived to AI at 60 h than those not showing estrus (64.2% vs. 48.1%). Approximately half (49.2%) of the cows not in estrus by 60 h had activated patches by 75 h, resulting in a greater (P < 0.05) PR than their nonestrous herd mates in the EE (46.1% vs. 34.5%), ED (64.2% vs. 39.2%), and DD (64.8% vs. 31.5%) treatments, respectively. Overall, cows showing estrus by 75 h (72.7%) had greater (P < 0.001) PR to AI (61.3% vs. 37.9%) than cows not showing estrus. Use of estrus detection patches to allow for a delayed AI in cows not in estrus by 60 h after removal of the CIDR insert improved PR to TAI by optimizing the timing of the AI in those cows.

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Effects of Sire, Age of Dam and Gestation Feed Level on Dystocia and Postpartum Reproduction

Cited by 84 publications

References 0 publications

Prenatal and pre-weaning growth and nutrition of cattle: long-term consequences for beef production

Prenatal and pre-weaning growth and nutrition of cattle: long-term consequences for beef production

Effects of sire, dam traits, calf traits, and environment on dystocia and subsequent reproduction of two-year-old heifers.

Using estrus detection patches to optimally time insemination improved pregnancy risk in suckled beef cows enrolled in a fixed-time artificial insemination program12

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