Effects of single and mixed-diatom diets on growth, condition, and survival of larvae of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816)

Gomes, Ana; Lourenço, Sílvia; Santos, Pedro; Raposo, Andreia; Mendes, Susana; Gonçalves, Sílvia C.; Ferreira, Susana M. F.; Pombo, Ana

doi:10.1007/s10499-021-00676-8

Cited by 11 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Rhodomonas spp. have been deemed a high-quality diet for numerous lter-feeding invertebrates including copepods (Dayras et (Tremblay et al, 2007), oysters (Brown et al, 1998), mussels (Jose Fernández-Reiriz et al, 2015) and sea urchins (Castilla-Gavillán et al, 2018; Gomes et al, 2021;Hinegardner, 1969). Nutritional factors including cell size and morphology, biochemical composition, and/or digestibility vary by microalgae species (Brown et al, 1997;Guedes and Malcata, 2012) and can help to explain improved D. antillarum larval performances from diets containing R. lens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the tripartite diet in experiment 3 resulted in signi cantly higher survival compared to the R. lens + C. gracilis diet, which indicated a possible positive correlation between overall diet diversity and performance. This is unsurprising, given that mixed diets are more likely to provide nutritional balance (Brown et al, 1997;Ohs et al, 2010) and have been shown to improve survival of other sea urchin larvae (Gomes et al, 2021). The comparative importance of T. lutea or Chaetoceros sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different food quantities, feeding frequencies, and species of live microalgae, used for captive larval diets, can directly in uence larval growth, survival, and metamorphic success (Carboni et al, 2012;Cárcamo et al, 2005;Kelly et al, 2000;Liu et al, 2007) and appear to be species-speci c. The nutritional quality of different microalgae species can vary depending on factors such as cell size, digestibility, and biochemical composition (Guedes and Malcata, 2012). While mixed microalgae diets generally perform better (Azad et al, 2011;Carcámo et al, 2005;Gomes et al, 2021), it has been suggested that the cryptophyte Rhodomonas lens is an essential dietary component for larval D. antillarum (Eckert, 1998;Leber et al, 2009). Other microalgae highly regarded for marine larviculture used in prior culture attempts include Tisochrysis lutea (formerly Isochrysis galbana), Chaetoceros gracilis, and Dunaliella tertiolecta (Eckert, 1998;Leber et al, 2009;Moe, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of larviculture protocols for the long-spined sea urchin (Diadema antillarum) and enhanced performance with diets containing the cryptophyte Rhodomonas lens

Pilnick

O’Neil²,

DiMaggio

et al. 2022

Aquacult Int

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Slow or nonexistent natural recovery of the Caribbean long-spined sea urchin (Diadema antillarum) following a mass mortality event in [1983][1984] has prompted interest in hatchery-origin production and restocking to aid coral-reef restoration. A critical rst step is the ability to propagate D. antillarum from gametes, at scale. However, a unique larval biology and di cult and lengthy culture period of ~ 40 days has resulted in inconsistent success over the past 20-plus years. The purpose of this study was to develop protocols for rearing D. antillarum within a novel 1800-L recirculating aquaculture system capable of scaled production. Five separate experiments investigated larval development in response to diet quantity, diet composition, and initial stocking density within 40-L replicate culture tanks. The initial experiment was used to develop a microalgae reference diet consisting of Tisochrysis lutea and Chaetoceros sp. and revealed similar growth and survival between high quantity (40.0×10 3 cells ml -1 ) and low quantity (10.0×10 3 cells ml -1 ) treatments at 21 DPF. Experiments 2-4 examined diet quality by comparing carbon-equivalent microalgae compositions. Mixed diets containing Rhodomonas lens outperformed the reference diet in multiple experiments and a tripartite diet containing all three species resulted in signi cantly higher survival at 42 DPF. The highest growth overall occurred from a monoalgal R. lens diet, which indicated that this species is critically important. Further observations of density-dependent growth dynamics revealed that initial stocking densities > 1 larvae ml -1 signi cantly reduced growth over 28 DPF. Data generated were used to establish fundamental larviculture protocols that have since led to the production of over 1,000 juveniles. Adult D. antillarum were collected in March 2018 from reefs at < 8m depth off Marathon, Florida by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute under Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary permit # FKNMS-2018-023. These broodstock were transported to a land-based restoration aquaculture facility operated by The Florida Aquarium in Apollo Beach, FL. Urchins were quarantined in a RAS within a greenhouse for 45 days. Following quarantine, 14 broodstock were transferred to 450-L berglass tanks within a 2,400-L seawater RAS. Broodstock husbandry adhered to methods previously described in Pilnick et al. (2021).Spawning was induced via thermal shock following methods described in Leber et al. (2009) andMoe (2014). Broodstock were transferred to a polyethylene tank lled with 150-L of 1-µm ltered 35 ppt arti cial seawater (ASW) (Tropic Marin, Wartenburg, Germany). Water was heated to 5°C above holding temperature and aeration was provided. Eggs were collected in a 60-mL syringe following release from females and gently rinsed in 2-L egg collectors with 35-µm mesh. Typically, males released

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of larviculture protocols for the long-spined sea urchin (Diadema antillarum) and enhanced performance with diets containing the cryptophyte Rhodomonas lens

Pilnick

O’Neil²,

DiMaggio

et al. 2022

Aquacult Int

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“…For Paracentrotus lividus, the larvae fed with a combination of Rhodomonas sp. (Rho) with the selected diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum showed identical growth performance to larvae fed with Rho monospecific diet (Gomes et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Optimizing Microalgae Diet, Temperature, and Salinity for Dwarf Surf Clam, Mulinia lateralis, Spat Culture

Yang

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Dwarf surf clam, Mulinia lateralis, is widely considered as a model species for bivalves. The development of a standard culture system could greatly promote the production of high-quality individuals, yet information on the culture conditions for M. lateralis spat is still limited. This study aims to determine the suitable microalgae diet, temperature, and salinity for M. lateralis spat culture. The typically fed microalgae species, including Chlorella pyrenoidesa (Cp), Platymonas helgolandica (Ph), Dunaliella salina (Ds), Nitzschia closterium (Nc), and Chaetoceros muelleri (Cm), could be taken up by M. lateralis spat, and their filtration rates on Cp, Nc, and Cm were higher than those on Ds and Ph. For the entire spat culture, all diet trials showed similar survival percentages, while the mono-specific diet Cp exhibited the highest growth rate, suggesting that Cp was the optimal microalgae species for M. lateralis spat. Through simultaneously maximizing the growth and survival of spat, the optimal microalgae concentration and stocking density were 5 × 104 cells ml–1 and 400–600 individuals m–2 for 30–40-day-old spat as well as 1 × 105 cells ml–1 and 400–600 individuals m–2 for 40–50-day-old spat, respectively. In addition, the spat had higher growth rates and survival percentages at the temperature of 20–22°C and salinity of 22–25 ppt. The results of this study provide a basis for further culture of M. lateralis spat, and the optimized conditions will be of great significance for the construction of the standard culture system of M. lateralis.

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“…Numerous microalgae species have been tested as feed for P. lividus larvae with highly variable results in terms of survival (0% to 85%) and age-at-competence (10 to 29 days) (Carboni et al, 2012;Gomes et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2007a for a review). Several studies attempted to correlate the nutritional value of microalgae with sea urchin larvae biochemical profile (Carboni et al, 2012;Castilla-Gavilán et al, 2018;Krishnan et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2007aLiu et al, , 2007bSchiopu et al, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High dietary protein, n − 3/ n − 6 ratio and β ‐carotene enhances Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) larval development

Gomes

Lourenço

Santos

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Research

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The nutritional characteristics of microalgae affect the growth, survival and fatty acid composition of sea urchin larvae. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of nutritive characteristics of single microalgal diets in Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) larval development, growth, and condition. Larvae of P. lividus were fed with three monospecific microalgal diets, Rhodomonas sp. (Rho), Dunaliella tertiolecta (Duna) and the diatom Chaetoceros calcitrans (Chae), and their development and growth were analysed until competence. Additionally, the fatty acid (FA) profile of larvae was analysed at competence and compared with the FA profile of the correspondent diet. The three groups of larvae attained competence simultaneously with differences in growth performance. The larvae fed with Chae attained the largest stomach and the shortest post‐oral arm. The larvae were able to accumulate long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as docosahexaenoic (DHA, C22:6n − 3), eicosapentaenoic (EPA, C20:5n − 3) and arachidonic (ARA, C20:4n − 6) acids, either by assimilation and retention of dietary FA or by the synthesis from α‐linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3n − 3) and linoleic acid (LA, C18:2n − 6). Furthermore, the low DHA/EPA ratio and high EPA/ARA and n − 3/n − 6 ratios of Rho and Chae and the high levels of the β‐carotene present in Chae improved larval growth and development. In conclusion, the results indicated that of the three microalgal diets tested, C. calcitrans provided important nutritional characteristics, especially in terms of FA composition and carotenoids, improving P. lividus larval growth and condition.

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Effects of single and mixed-diatom diets on growth, condition, and survival of larvae of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816)

Cited by 11 publications

References 62 publications

Development of larviculture protocols for the long-spined sea urchin (Diadema antillarum) and enhanced performance with diets containing the cryptophyte Rhodomonas lens

Development of larviculture protocols for the long-spined sea urchin (Diadema antillarum) and enhanced performance with diets containing the cryptophyte Rhodomonas lens

Optimizing Microalgae Diet, Temperature, and Salinity for Dwarf Surf Clam, Mulinia lateralis, Spat Culture

High dietary protein, n − 3/ n − 6 ratio and β ‐carotene enhances Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) larval development

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