Effects of Simulated Gravel on Hydraulic Characteristics of Overland Flow Under Varying Flow Discharges, Slope Gradients and Gravel Coverage Degrees

Xiaona, Liu; Fan, Dixia; Yu, Xinxiao; Liu, Ziqiang; Sun, Jiamei

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-56223-2

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…These phenomena were mainly due to the fact that the infiltration capacity of the soil was close to the soil at the start of the experiment. Vegetation such as shrubs and grasses can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, increase soil space, and increase soil water infiltration capacity [7]. However, different vegetation types had different impacts on the physical and chemical properties of the soil.…”

Section: Runoff Generation Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The subgrade slope of the roadbed and the stability of the slope can be increased, which can ultimately protect and improve local conditions. Adding vegetation to slopes is also beneficial by reducing sediment loads associated with runoff, and has the added effect of regulating water resources and conserving groundwater [7]. These practices can also help with ecological restoration and have gradually become an important method of protecting railway subgrade slopes [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Runoff and Sediment Losses from a Sloped Roadbed under Variable Rainfall Intensities and Vegetation Conditions

Jia

Sun

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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Vegetation plays an important role in reducing soil erosion. By exploring the allocation and coverage of different types of vegetation, we can improve management practices that can significantly reduce soil erosion. In this experiment, we study runoff and sediment losses on a shrub-grass planted, grass planted, and bare slope under different rainfall intensities. Results showed that the runoff generation time for the three subgrade types decreased as rainfall intensity increased (p < 0.05). The slopes planted with either grass or shrub-grass were able to effectively delay runoff generation. As rainfall intensity increased, the runoff amount increased for all treatments, with runoff in the bare slope increasing the most. The runoff reduction rate from the shrub-grass slope ranged from 54.20% to 63.68%, while the reduction rate from the slope only planted with grass ranged from 38.59% to 55.37%. The sediment yield from the bare slope increased from 662.66 g/m 2 (15 mm/h) to 2002.95 g/m 2 (82 mm/h) with increasing rainfall intensity in the plot. When compared with the bare slope, both the shrub-grass and planted grass slopes were able to retain an additional 0.9 g/m 2 to 4.9 g/m 2 of sediment, respectively. An accurate relationship between rainfall intensity, sloped vegetation types, and runoff reduction rate was obtained by regression analysis and validated. These results can provide a reference for improving soil and water conservation via improved vegetation allocation on a sloped roadbed.

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Section: Runoff Generation Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Runoff and Sediment Losses from a Sloped Roadbed under Variable Rainfall Intensities and Vegetation Conditions

Jia

Sun

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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“…The e is the ratio of inertial forces to the viscous force and represents the overland flow regime conditions (Termini, 2009). The reflects the ratio of inertial force to gravitational force and characterizes the overland flow pattern conditions (Liu et al, 2019b). The existence of grass and roots could reduce the , e, and values of overland flow.…”

Section: Hydrodynamic Parameters On Grass and Root Slopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…topsoil and forming sediments, which directly leads to soil quality degradation (Kiani, Sadeghi, & Asadi, 2018;Liu, Fan, Yu, Liu, & Sun, 2019b). Moreover, some chemical substances (such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus.)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative simulation of the particle size distribution of eroded sediment on grass slopes with intact plants and root slopes with the aboveground parts removed

Liu

Fan

Jia

et al. 2021

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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To quantitatively simulate the particle size distribution (PSD) of eroded sediment on grass and root slopes, simulated rainfall experiments were implemented on grass slopes with intact plants and root slopes with the aboveground parts removed. There were four coverage degrees (Cr) (0, 20, 40, and 60%), two rainfall intensities (R) (60 and 90 mm h–1) and two slope gradients (J) (15° and 25°). The content of sand‐sized particles was greatest in the eroded sediment from the grass slope, whereas the content of fine silt‐sized particles was greatest in the eroded sediment from the root slope. The PSD of eroded sediment was influenced by Cr, R, J, and hydrodynamic characteristics [flow velocity (u), flow depth (h), Reynolds number (Re), Froude number (Fr), resistance coefficient (f), runoff shear force (t), runoff power (w), unit runoff power (P)]. Through grey relational analysis, the relational degree (γ) of these impact factors to the PSD of eroded sediment was ranked γR > γRe > γJ > γh > γw > γu > γt > γP > γFr > γCr > γf on the grass slope and γR > γRe > γJ > γh > γt > γw > γu > γFr > γp > γf > γCr > on the root slope. The radial basis function neural network performed well at simulating the PSD of eroded sediment on both the grass and root slopes. These results lay the foundation for the establishment of a physics‐ based soil erosion model and a chemical transport model.

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“…Jiang et al [14] studied the process of erosion and destruction of slope rills under a heavy rainfall. Liu et al [15] quantified the hydraulic characteristics of the surface water flow on gravel-covered slopes through laboratory flume experiments. Qin et al [16] used artificial rainfall simulation methods to study kinetic and rill morphological characteristics of erosion by water with different gravel contents and different rainfall intensities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Model Tests on Flow Erosion Failure Mechanism of a Slope Consisting of Anqing Group Clay Gravel Layer

Huang

Haipeng

et al. 2021

Geofluids

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The Anqing group clay gravel layer is a special geological body composed of gravel and clay. In excavation projects, involving this soil, such a gravel layer, is prone to slope collapse and instability under the influence of rainfall. To clearly understand the failure mechanism and influencing factors of clay gravel slopes, an indoor artificial rainfall erosion model testing was carried out to analyse the effect of various slope ratios, gravel contents, and rainfall intensities. The slope erosion damage form, runoff rate, infiltration rate, scoured material, and slope stability of the clay gravel slope were studied. The test results show that sloping surfaces of the gentle slope were mainly damaged by erosion, and the degree of damage gradually increased from the top to the bottom of the sloping surface; however, the stability of the surface was good. In the case of the sloping surface layer of the steep slope, large-scale landslides occurred, and the stability of the surface was poor. When the gravel content was small, the surface failure was manifested as a gully failure. When the gravel content was large, it was manifested as a “layer-by-layer sliding” failure. The degree of influence of different conditions on the stable runoff rate was as follows: rainfall intensity>slope ratio>gravel content. The degree of influence of the parameters on the stable infiltration rate was as follows: slope ratio>rainfall intensity>gravel content. On gentle slopes, the total mass of the scoured material was inversely proportional to the gravel content and directly proportional to the rainfall intensity; on a steep slope, the total mass of the scoured material increased with an increase in the rainfall intensity and gravel content. Moreover, the slope ratio was the key influencing factor to decide whether there was gravel in the scoured material.

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Effects of Simulated Gravel on Hydraulic Characteristics of Overland Flow Under Varying Flow Discharges, Slope Gradients and Gravel Coverage Degrees

Cited by 11 publications

References 53 publications

Analysis of Runoff and Sediment Losses from a Sloped Roadbed under Variable Rainfall Intensities and Vegetation Conditions

Analysis of Runoff and Sediment Losses from a Sloped Roadbed under Variable Rainfall Intensities and Vegetation Conditions

Quantitative simulation of the particle size distribution of eroded sediment on grass slopes with intact plants and root slopes with the aboveground parts removed

Laboratory Model Tests on Flow Erosion Failure Mechanism of a Slope Consisting of Anqing Group Clay Gravel Layer

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