Effects of Simulated Acid Rain on Growth and Yield of Cassava Manihot esculenta (Crantz)

Odiyi, Bridget O.; Bamidele, J. J. F.

doi:10.5539/jas.v6n1p96

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Observable morphological changes in this work were; necrosis, chlorosis and leaf deformation and stunted growth. This is in accordance with the work of [19, 28,30,31,32]. Physiological and morphological changes induced by SNAR and SSAR on A. hybridus are of keen interest because this vegetable is grown mainly for its leaves.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Physiological and Morphological Responses of Amaranthus hybridus L. (Green) to Simulated Nitric and Sulphuric Acid Rain

Mofunanya

Soonen

2017

BJAST

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Aims:To determine the physiological and morphological responses of Amaranthus hybridus leaf area, shoot height, stem girth, leaf number, petiole length, fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of leaf, shoot and root, relative growth rate (RGR) and chlorophyll (chl.) content to simulated nitric and sulphuric acid rain. Place and Duration of Study: Methodology: Thirty five poly bags were used. Simulated nitric and sulphuric acid rain (SNAR and SSAR) of pH 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and a control pH of 6.0 were separately prepared and sprayed every two days. The research was carried out in a greenhouse under controlled conditions. Results: Results showed highest decreases at pH 2.0 and lowest decreases at pH 4.0 in all the physiological parameters studied. Highest decreases are depicted by lowest measured values while lowest decreases by highest values in all measured parameters as affected by SNAR and Mofunanya and Soonen; BJAST, 21(4): 1-12, 2017; Article no.BJAST.31863 2 SSAR. Acid rain treated plants showed necrosis, chlorosis and leaf deformation. Chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll of acid rains treated plants revealed a trend of decrease in content with increasing period of development. Mean values for leaf area response to simulated HNO 3 and H 2 SO 4 acid rains of pH 2.0, pH 3.0 and pH 4.0 at 4 weeks period of development were 14.60±0.33 d , 17.50±0.47 d , 18.80±0.11 d and 14.94±0.23 d 17.70±0.20 d , 17.92±0.28 d as against control value of 22.62±0.26 d cm 2 . Mean values for shoot height response to acid rains had values of 16.48±0.59 d , 19.65±0.66 d , 20.46±0.88 d , 15.82±0.59 d and 18.27±0.12 d , 19.74±0.17 d and 24.48±0.23 d cm. Mean values for chl. a, b and total chl. at 28 days for SNAR and SSAR pH 2.0 and pH 6.0 were 18.9±0.12, 23.4±0.04 mg g -1 FW and 42.3, 20.0±0.3, 23.6±0.3 mg g -1 FW and 43.8 and 58.2 0.3, 71.2 0.3 mg g -1 FW and 129.4 respectively. Original Research Article Conclusion:Physiological and morphological parameters studied responded negatively to simulated nitric acid (HNO 3 ) and sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) rain with significant decrease at all acidity levels with respect to the control.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Physiological and Morphological Responses of Amaranthus hybridus L. (Green) to Simulated Nitric and Sulphuric Acid Rain

Mofunanya

Soonen

2017

BJAST

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“…Both the area affected by acid rain and the acidity of rainwater are increasing, and the frequency can reach a very high level [ 7 ]. The consequences of acid rain in plants include damage to the cell membrane system and negative impacts on respiration, photosynthesis, and the antioxidative enzyme system [ 8 – 11 ], and low yields, low germination rates, thin roots, premature abscission, branch dieback, necrosis, and morphological changes have been reported [ 3 , 8 , 12 , 13 ]. In addition, some studies have indicated that acid rain effects on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) on plant species depend on the pH and duration of the acid rain treatments [ 9 – 11 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of silicon on Oryza sativa L. seedling roots under simulated acid rain stress

Yin

Wang

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Silicon (Si) has an important function in reducing the damage of environmental stress on plants. Acid rain is a serious abiotic stress factor, and Si can alleviate the stress induced by acid rain on plants. Based on these assumptions, we investigated the effects of silicon on the growth, root phenotype, mineral element contents, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and antioxidative enzymes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedling roots under simulated acid rain (SAR) stress. The results showed that the combined or single effects of Si and/or SAR on rice roots depend on the concentration of Si and the pH of the SAR. The combined or single effects of a low or moderate concentration of Si (1.0 or 2.0 mM) and light SAR (pH 4.0) enhanced the growth of rice roots, and the combined effects were stronger than those of the single treatment. A high concentration of Si (4.0 mM) or severe SAR (pH 2.0) exerted deleterious effects. The incorporation of Si (1.0, 2.0 or 4.0 mM) into SAR with pH 3.0 or 2.0 promoted the rice root growth, decreased the H2O2 content, increased the Si concentration and the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities, maintained the balance of mineral element (K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Cu) concentrations in the roots of rice seedlings compared with SAR alone. The alleviatory effects observed with a moderate concentration of Si (2.0 mM) were better than the effects obtained with a low or high concentration of Si (1.0 or 4.0 mM). The observed effects were due to disruptions in the absorption and utilization of mineral nutrients and impacts on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in roots, and this conclusion suggests that the degree of rice root damage caused by acid rain might be attributed to not only acid rain but also the level of Si in the soil.

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“…In addition, the effects of climate, the acidity of the rainwater, and the farming regime are important causes affecting yield. The negative effects of simulated acid rain on yield are also observed for other crops [83][84][85].…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, for the yield index and yield components of soybean, the lower the pH of the rainwater, the more the soybean yield declines with the quantity and quality of the yield components. The effects of acid rain on the growth and development of crops have been documented in studies on corn [24,86,87], soybean [64,77,88], tomato [83,84], and cassava [85]. The damage by acid rain includes chlorosis, necrosis, stunting, and early senescence [27,84].…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Simulated Acid Rain on the Growth and the Yield of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in the Mountains of Northern Vietnam

Pham

Nguyen

Ngoc³

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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In the mountains of Northern Vietnam, frequent and intense acid rain affects the crops. This paper assesses the impacts of simulated acid rain (SAR) on the growth and the yield of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in Hoa Binh province. A field study in the summer–autumn seasons in 2017 (from May to August) in an area of 189 square meters was arranged according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three repetitions including six treatments and a control. The experimental area was protected from ambient rain. Soybean plants were exposed three times a week to SAR at pH 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0 (control). The results show that the growth parameters such as germination rate, stem length, and the number of main branches of the plants dramatically decreased in a dose–effect experiment. Gradual declines in the chlorophyll content (indirectly determined by SPAD) and the leaf area index (LAI) were observed as the acidity increased. The actual yield and yield components also tended to decrease when the pH of the rainwater fell, especially in the experimental plots treated at pH 3.0. The growth and yield of soybean were adversely affected when the plants were exposed to simulated acid rain, especially from a pH value of 3.5 and lower. This is the first study to evaluate the effects of acid rain on the growth and the yield of soybean grown in the mountains of Northern Vietnam.

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Effects of Simulated Acid Rain on Growth and Yield of Cassava Manihot esculenta (Crantz)

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Physiological and Morphological Responses of Amaranthus hybridus L. (Green) to Simulated Nitric and Sulphuric Acid Rain

Physiological and Morphological Responses of Amaranthus hybridus L. (Green) to Simulated Nitric and Sulphuric Acid Rain

Effects of silicon on Oryza sativa L. seedling roots under simulated acid rain stress

Impacts of Simulated Acid Rain on the Growth and the Yield of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in the Mountains of Northern Vietnam

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