Effects of Similarity on Apparent Motion and Perceptual Grouping

Abstract

Effects of similarity in colour, luminance, size, and shape on apparent motion and perceptual grouping were examined in part 1 in two parallel experiments on the same seven subjects. In both experiments, the effect of similarity was compared with that of proximity in competitive, bistable stimulus situations. A combination of a larger horizontal separation between the homogeneous stimulus elements and a smaller constant vertical separation between heterogeneous stimulus elements produced two kinds of apparent motion (or perceptual grouping) with equal probabilities. Such matched separations between homogeneous stimulus elements were obtained by the double staircase method in various stimulus conditions. In both experiments on apparent motion and perceptual grouping matched separation was found to increase as the difference between the heterogeneous stimulus elements increased. High correlations (0.71 to 0.94) of matched separations were found between apparent motion and perceptual grouping in four stimulus series: colour, luminance, size, and shape. Six of the seven subjects were also tested in part 2. Here, the effects of differences were found to work additively across different perceptual attributes in both phenomena, when multiple differences were combined in heterogeneous elements. The experimental results are discussed from the point of view that apparent motion is an example of perceptual constancy.

Traditional and New Principles of Perceptual Grouping

“…With proximity at nearly maximum, it gains the upper hand and can overcome the competing influence of colour similarity ( Figure 4C). Pitting grouping principles against one another has served as one way to measure the relative strength of grouping principles (e.g., Hochberg & Silverstein, 1956;Oyama, Simizu, & Tozawa, 1999;Quinlan & Wilton, 1998). However, some grouping principles may operate faster than others and this may affect their relative effectiveness against one another in addition to the relative degree to which each principle is present in the display (Ben-Av & Sagi, 1995).…”

An Applied Study to Image-G Transmission in Chinese Literary on Gestalt Perception Laws

“…Anyhow, quantitatively ana- Figure 4. Law of proximity (Wertheimer, 1996: p. 195 Oyama, Simizu, and Tozawa (1999) roughly calculated that the perceptual law related to dynamic force used to pare down its nearest forthcoming and the most substandard segments in contour configuration. In addition,…”

Competición y cooperación entre principios intrínsecos y extrínsecos de agrupamiento perceptivo en el ámbito de la visión

“…Desde la formulación de los principios gestálticos, se ha intentado determinar la interacción entre los mismos (Koffka, 1935(Koffka, /1963Köhler, 1920 Köhler, /1938 Wertheimer, 1923 Wertheimer, /1938) aunque el estudio cuantitativo de este problema se ha desarrollado más recientemente, a lo largo del último siglo (Wagemans et al, 2012) Varios estudios han intentado cuantificar las interacciones entre principios de agrupamiento (Claessens y Wagemans, 2005;Hochberg y Hardy, 1960;Hochberg y Silverstein, 1956;Oyama y Miyano, 2008;Oyama, Simizu y Tozawa, 1999;Quinlan y Wilton, 1998). Los resultados de estos estudios muestran que, en general, el efecto de agrupamiento de los principios presentados aisladamente es menor que el de los principios combinados en cooperación y mayor que el efecto de agrupamiento de los principios combinados en Los estudios citados anteriormente han examinado las interacciones entre principios intrínsecos (la mayoría de los principios clásicos ya formulados por la Teoría de la Gestalt) según la distinción de Palmer (1992Palmer ( , 1999, y en los que el agrupamiento se basa en las relaciones intrínsecas entre las propiedades de los elementos, como su forma, tamaño, posición, etc.…”