Effects of silvicultural cleaning in mixed pine‐deciduous stands on moose damage to scots pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i>)

Härkönen, Sauli

doi:10.1080/02827589809383003

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The amount of birch browse did not significantly affect Scots pine damage, in agreement with results by Ball and Dahlgren (2002) and Härkönen (1998), but the height relation between the species did. Damage increased when birch overtopped pine.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Similar results have been reported previously (e.g. Heikkilä 1990Heikkilä , 1993Heikkilä and Härkönen 1996;Härkönen 1998;Härkönen et al 2008b;Nikula et al 2008). Scots pine is a light demanding tree species, and shading reduces its height-and diameter growth, keeping the trees longer within moose browsing range and, possibly, making them more palatable to moose (Danell et al 1991b).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Recent browsing damage by moose on Scots pine, birch and aspen in young commercial forests – effects of forage availability, moose population density and site productivity

Bergqvist¹,

Bergström²,

Wallgren³

2014

Silva Fenn.

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Recent browsing damage by moose on Scots pine, birch and aspen in young commercial forests -effects of forage availability, moose population density and site productivity Bergqvist G., Bergström R., Wallgren M. (2014). Recent browsing damage by moose on Scots pine, birch and aspen in young commercial forests -effects of forage availability, moose population density and site productivity. Silva Fennica vol. 48 no. 1 article id 1077. 13 p. Highlights• Moose damage was most common on aspen and least common on Scots pine.• Damage to Scots pine increased when the amount of pine browse decreased, moose index and site index increased and when birch was overtopping pine.• Damage to birch increased when moose index increased and damage to aspen increased when the amount of pine and birch browse decreased. AbstractMoose browsing damage from the winter preceding the study (recent damage) on Scots pine, birch and aspen was examined in relation to forage availability, an index of moose population density and site productivity in young forests in the hemiboreal zone. Recent damage was observed for 4.1 ± 0.54% (mean ± SE; Scots pine), 16.8 ± 1.89% (birch) and 67.6 ± 13.76% (aspen) of the trees. A multiple regression with five independent variables explained 19% (Scots pine) 14% (birch) and 33% (aspen) of the variation in recent damage. Cover of Scots pine browse was the most important variable for predicting damage to Scots pine and accounted for 44% of the explained variation. When birch was overtopping pine there was a significant increase in damage to pine. Moose index was the only significant variable to explain recent damage to birch, and accounted for 64% of the explained variation. For aspen, damage was negatively correlated to coverage of Scots pine and birch browse, each variable accounting for 38% of the explained variation. For Scots pine, increasing the number of pines ha -1 and performing pre-commercial thinning in such a way that pines are not overtopped may be efficient ways of reducing damage proportions, whereas birch needs to be protected from moose (by a reduction of the moose population or otherwise) in order to escape damage. Increased amounts of Scots pine browse and birch browse may also reduce damage levels to aspen, according to this study.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Recent browsing damage by moose on Scots pine, birch and aspen in young commercial forests – effects of forage availability, moose population density and site productivity

Bergqvist¹,

Bergström²,

Wallgren³

2014

Silva Fenn.

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“…Also, from the point of view of silvicultural treatment, our results suggest that the cleaning of deciduous trees should preferably be performed in the immediate vicinity of those pines to be grown to the end of the rotation further rather than applied to the whole stand (Härkönen 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Studies on the effect of deciduous trees on moose browsing have, in general, shown that although deciduous tree species that are favoured by moose increase the total consumption of biomass in stands, pine browsing is only slightly affected by the presence of other tree species (Danell et al 1991, Edenius 1991. The results from inventory-based studies have also indicated that the total cleaning of deciduous trees from pine plantations might even have a detrimental effect if the amount of alternative food is not increased (Heikkilä 1991, Härkönen 1998. Our results are thus in line with previous studies, since none of the deciduous tree species nor the total amount of deciduous trees per se affected browsing probability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the factors predisposing Scots pine to moose damage in artificially regenerated sapling stands in Finnish Lapland

Nikula¹,

Hallikainen²,

Jalkanen³

et al. 2008

Silva Fenn.

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Moose (Alces alces) damage in forest plantations have been at a high level in Finland in recent decades. Nowadays, moose is the most severe pest in Scots pine plantations also in Finnish Lapland. So far, despite the high level of damage and different bio-geographical conditions in Northern Finland, most of the moose-damage research has been carried out in Southern Finland. A number of research have also been performed to analyse factors affecting browsing but predictive models are rare. Data from 123 randomly selected and artificially regenerated pine plantations in Northern Finland were used in modelling the risk of moose browsing. The stands had been regenerated during 1984-1995. A total of 508 sample plots (range 2-8 plots per stand) were measured. Hierarchical logistic regression models with a random factor were constructed to predict the probability of leader-shoot browsing of pine on a plot. The number of planted pines and deciduous trees overtopping the pines were the most important predictors increasing the browsing probability. The results support earlier findings that deciduous trees overtopping or reaching the height of the pines should be cleaned from the immediate vicinity of the pines. Seedlings with a height ranging from 75 to 299 centimetres were more susceptible to browsing. Heavy soil scarification, such as ploughing or mounding, increased the browsing probability compared with lighter scarification methods. Soil type did not affect the browsing probability, but paludification decreased it. The within-stand variation in deciduous trees density and height should be taken into account in future moose browsing risk assessments. In Lapland, high moose damage risk areas are characterized by a low elevation and higher temperature sum.

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“…At the level of a plantation, at least tree species mixture (Heikkilä 1990;Heikkilä 1991;Härkönen 1998;Härkönen et al 1998;Kullberg and Bergström 2001;Härkönen et al 2008;Milligan and Koricheva 2013) and the density of trees (Lundberg et al 1990;Heikkilä 1991;Lyly and Saksa 1992;Ball and Dahlgren 2002) have been found to partly explain damage. Other factors at the plantation level that have been associated with damage are the fertility of the site (Niemelä and Danell 1988;Ball and Dahlgren 2002;Bergqvist et al 2014) and fertilization (Löyttyniemi 1981;Edenius 1993;Ball et al 2000).…”

Section: Factors Affecting Damage At the Plantation Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hirven Alces alces resurssinvalinta useilla mittakaavan tasoilla – puista, taimikoista- ja elinpiireistä maisemiin ja ja ja alueisiin

Nikula¹

2017

Diss. For.

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To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry of the University of Helsinki, for public critisism in auditorium 108 (ls B3), Metsätieteiden talo (Viikki campus, Latokartanonkaari 7, Helsinki) on March 24 th 2017, at 12 o´clock noon. ABSTRACTThe Moose is a valuable game animal in Fennoscandia but also the most severe pest in forest plantations. In this thesis, I examined factors that affect the habitat selection of moose and moose damage at multiple scales. At the plot level, browsing increased with an increasing number of artificially regenerated pines and deciduous trees taller than pines. The damage risk was the highest in plantations with heavy soil preparation.Moose summer home ranges had more fertile sites than the overall study area. Within summer ranges moose, selected non-pine-dominated habitats and mature forests and avoided human settlements. Winter ranges contained more pine-dominated plantations and other young successional stages, more pine dominated peatland forests and less human settlements and agricultural fields. Within winter ranges, moose used more non-pinedominated plantations and mature forests and less human-inhabited areas than expected. At the home range level, there were no significant differences between sexes, but within home ranges males and females used different habitats during both seasons.The occurrence of damage in nearby landscape decreased the probability to find a landscape without damage and predicted an increase in the number of damaged plantations. Increased food-cover adjacencies of mature forests and plantations increased damage. An increasing proportion of inhabited areas and the length of connecting roads decreased the number of damage at the landscape sizes of 1 km 2 and 5 km 2 . Moose-damaged stands were concentrated in SW and eastern Lapland in Peräpohja Schist Belt and Lapland's Greenstone Belt with nutrient-rich bedrock. There was less damage in landscapes with an abundant amount of pine-dominated thinning forests. Moose damage plantations were located more on fertile bedrock and soils than undamaged ones. Regenerating Scots pine on fine-grained soils derived from nutrient-rich rocks and naturally occupied by Norway spruce might increase damage risk.

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Effects of silvicultural cleaning in mixed pine‐deciduous stands on moose damage to scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Recent browsing damage by moose on Scots pine, birch and aspen in young commercial forests – effects of forage availability, moose population density and site productivity

Recent browsing damage by moose on Scots pine, birch and aspen in young commercial forests – effects of forage availability, moose population density and site productivity

Modelling the factors predisposing Scots pine to moose damage in artificially regenerated sapling stands in Finnish Lapland

Hirven Alces alces resurssinvalinta useilla mittakaavan tasoilla – puista, taimikoista- ja elinpiireistä maisemiin ja ja ja alueisiin

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