Effects of short-term energy restriction and physical training on haemostatic risk factors for coronary heart disease in obese children and adolescents

Gallistl, S; Sudi, Karl; Cvirn, Gerhard; Muntean, W.; Borkenstein, Martin

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801573

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, it is well demonstrated in adults that regular physical activity and exercise training typically results in lower TNF-α levels [6]. Several studies have demonstrated IL-6 to show a consistent reduction following exercise training [24,25] or to be lower in children/youth who are more physically active [40,42]. In these studies the magnitude of the effect of physical activity/exercise was such that IL-6 values were 26-49% lower.…”

Section: Association Between Physical Activity/exercise Training and mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few studies have shown either differences in IL-6 with increasing degree of obesity [23], or an association between IL-6 and surrogates of adiposity such as waist circumference [22]. However, weight reduction programs in youth have demonstrated that decreases in body mass also resulted in lower IL-6 concentrations in overweight children [24]. Because IL-6 is so highly variable, relatively large sample sizes are required to demonstrate differences related to obesity in this cytokine [23].…”

Section: Obesity Surrogates (Increased Adiposity)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inflammatory Cytokines and Metabolic Risk Factors during Growth and Maturation: Influence of Physical Activity

Rubin

Hackney

2010

Cytokines, Growth Mediators and Physical Activity in Children During Puberty

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Cytokines influence tissue and cell physiology in positive and negative ways. Our aim in this chapter is to briefly present on select cytokines and their relationship to disease, metabolic risk factors, and physical activity in youth. We discuss the association of adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), resistin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) with metabolic risk factors in youth, and whether circulating concentrations of these cytokines are different based on being physically active or engaging in exercise training. Results from several studies show that adiponectin concentrations are reduced with increased adiposity, while others show that TNF-α, IL-6, resistin and CRP concentrations may be elevated with increased adiposity. Results from studies link decreased adiponectin with increased insulin resistance, while some evidence links increased TNF-α and resistin with increased insulin resistance. Several studies relate higher blood pressures to decreased adiponectin, increased TNF-α, and CRP concentrations. The only lipids associated with the cytokines appear to be triglycerides and HDL cholesterol. Higher levels of habitual physical activity are associated with higher adiponectin and perhaps decreased TNF-α and resistin concentrations. Exercise training also appears to positively influence the concentrations of these cytokines. In conclusion, the role of these cytokines is still somewhat unclear as is their associations with metabolic risk factors. However, the available evidence indicates that chronic inflammatory states such as obesity in childhood are associated with a pro-inflammatory profile and the presence of increased risk factors for disease while physical activity or exercise training elicit a protective role relative to this profile.

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Section: Association Between Physical Activity/exercise Training and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Obesity Surrogates (Increased Adiposity)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Cytokines and Metabolic Risk Factors during Growth and Maturation: Influence of Physical Activity

Rubin

Hackney

2010

Cytokines, Growth Mediators and Physical Activity in Children During Puberty

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“…Obesity in adulthood is also associated with elevated haemostatic variables [15,16]. Even in childhood, adiposity is associated with unfavourable concentrations of haemostatic factors [17][18][19][20]. Inactivity or low levels of physical activity have been associated with increased haemostatic factors [18,21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Overfatness, stunting and physical inactivity are determinants of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1activity, fibrinogen and thrombin–antithrombin complex in African adolescents

Nienaber

Pieters

Krüger

et al. 2008

Blood Coagulation &Amp; Fibrinolysis

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We examined fibrinogen, thrombin-antithrombin complex, factor VIIIc and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity in African children in order to determine haemostatic profile patterning and to identify possible subdivisions at high risk for cardiovascular disease. In a cross-sectional analysis, a convenience sample of 117 girls and 78 boys (15.6 +/- 1.35 years) in a South African township was investigated within the Physical Activity in Youth study. Haemostatic variables were investigated in the total group and subdivisions for physical activity levels, maturity (Tanner staging), sex, fat percentage and height for age. Overfatness (53.6%) coexisted with stunting (17.5%). Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity differed significantly between the sexes after adjustments for fat percentage and physical activity levels. Sex explained 10% and muscle mass 1% of the variance in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity. Fibrinogen was significantly higher in girls than in boys (before adjustment for fat percentage), in overfat than in lean children and in stunted than in the nonstunted children (even after adjustment for fat percentage). C-reactive protein, sex and height for age were predictors of fibrinogen. Thrombin-antithrombin complex was significantly higher in girls than in boys, but after separate adjustment for physical activity and fat percentage there were no significant differences. Fitness and muscle mass explained the variance in thrombin-antithrombin complex the best. No significant differences were seen between the groups for C-reactive protein and factor VIIIc. Overfatness, stunting and inactivity negatively influenced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity, fibrinogen and thrombin-antithrombin complex possibly increased the risk for cardiovascular disease. These factors are modifiable through behavioural changes and optimal nutritional status throughout the early life.

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“…Cardio-metabolic risks may be influenced by both genetic factors and lifestyle choices (Gallistl, Sudi, Cvirn, & Borkenstein, 2001). Whilst genetic factors cannot be modified, lifestyle risk factors such as smoking, exercise, and dietary intake can be modified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health-promoting lifestyles and cardio-metabolic risk factors among international students in South Korea

2015

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Effects of short-term energy restriction and physical training on haemostatic risk factors for coronary heart disease in obese children and adolescents

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Inflammatory Cytokines and Metabolic Risk Factors during Growth and Maturation: Influence of Physical Activity

Inflammatory Cytokines and Metabolic Risk Factors during Growth and Maturation: Influence of Physical Activity

Overfatness, stunting and physical inactivity are determinants of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1activity, fibrinogen and thrombin–antithrombin complex in African adolescents

Health-promoting lifestyles and cardio-metabolic risk factors among international students in South Korea

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