Effects of Short‐term Electronic(e)‐Cigarette Aerosol Exposure in the Mouse Larynx

Easwaran, Meena; Maria, Chloe Santa; Martinez, Joshua D.; Hung, Barbara; Yu, Xuan; Soo, Joanne; Kimura, Akari; Gross, Eric R.; Erickson‐DiRenzo, Elizabeth

doi:10.1002/lary.31043

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(146 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…After the removal of duplicates, 822 unique abstracts were screened, resulting in the inclusion of 53 studies (Figure 1, Table 1). 12‐64 Out of the 53 included articles, 34 (64%) analyzed the effects of e‐cigarette use on human subjects or cell lines, 16 (30%) utilized an animal model to investigate the in vivo effects of e‐cigarette aerosol exposure, and 3 (6%) studied both human and animal models. Human studies included: (1) in vitro assessments of e‐cigarette aerosol, condensate, or e‐liquid exposure on primary cultured cells or immortalized cell lines derived from upper airway tissue, or (2) clinical studies using samples obtained from current or former e‐cigarette users.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty‐six studies investigated the effects of flavored e‐cigarettes 12,14,16‐18,22,26,28,30,32‐34,37‐40,47,50,52,56,58,59,61,63,64 . The most commonly studied flavors were tobacco and mint/menthol, which appeared in 9/26 and 4/26 studies, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,19,[22][23][24][25]27,32,51 Histological changes associated with acute and subchronic e-cigarette aerosol exposure in animal models were seen in the oral cavity, submandibular gland, nasal cavity, larynx, and trachea; however, the majority of these changes were considered adaptive and resolved following a recovery period. 30,31,37,47,50,52,[56][57][58][59]61,64 Persistent histological changes in the nasal cavity and larynx included: mild epithelial hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia, and mucus hypersecretion. In the submandibular gland, ductal dilation, connective tissue thickening, and epithelial degeneration with cytoplasmic vacuolization were observed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, flavoring compounds associated with common flavor names (eg, fruit) often vary across brands, which precludes accurate comparisons of their toxicological impact. Our review found 11 studies 14,17,18,22,28,32,34,39,52,60,64 that directly compared flavors against one another; however, only menthol and tobacco were included in more than 2 studies. Notably, tobacco flavoring appeared to be generally less harmful than the other flavors studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty-six studies investigated the effects of flavored e-cigarettes. 12,14,[16][17][18]22,26,28,30,[32][33][34][37][38][39][40]47,50,52,56,58,59,61,63,64 The most commonly studied flavors were tobacco and mint/menthol, which appeared in 9/26 and 4/26 studies, respectively. One study 22 compared the effects of 10 different flavored e-liquids versus unflavored e-liquid of the same brand on oral epithelial cells and showed that, in general, flavored e-liquids (±nicotine) were associated with increased oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, cytotoxicity, and micronuclei formation compared to unflavored e-liquid.…”

Section: Histologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The Toxicological Effects of e‐Cigarette Use in the Upper Airway: A Scoping Review

Worden,

Hicks,

Hackman

et al. 2024

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveWhile evidence continues to emerge on the negative health effects of electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes) on the lungs, little is known regarding their deleterious effects on the upper airway. The purpose of this review is to summarize the toxicological effects of e‐cigarettes, and their components, on the upper airway.Data SourcesPubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE databases.Review MethodsSystematic searches were performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses guidelines from 2003 to 2023. Studies were included if they investigated the toxicological effects of e‐cigarette exposure on human or animal upper airway tissue. Two authors independently screened, reviewed, and appraised all included articles.ResultsA total of 822 unique articles were identified, of which 53 met inclusion criteria and spanned subsites including the oral cavity (22/53 studies), nasal cavity/nasopharynx (13/53), multiple sites (10/53), larynx (5/53), trachea (2/53), and oropharynx (1/53). The most commonly observed consequences of e‐cigarette use on the upper airway included: proinflammatory (15/53 studies), histological (13/53), cytotoxicity (11/53), genotoxicity (11/53), and procarcinogenic (6/53). E‐cigarette humectants independently induced toxicity at multiple upper airway subsites, however, effects were generally amplified when flavoring(s) and/or nicotine were added. Across almost all studies, exposure to cigarette smoke exhibited increased toxicity in the upper airway compared with exposure to e‐cigarette vapor.ConclusionCurrent data suggest that while e‐cigarettes are generally less harmful than traditional cigarettes, they possess a distinct toxicological profile that is enhanced upon the addition of flavoring(s) and/or nicotine. Future investigations into underexamined subsites, such as the oropharynx and hypopharynx, are needed to comprehensively understand the effects of e‐cigarettes on the upper airway.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Histologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Toxicological Effects of e‐Cigarette Use in the Upper Airway: A Scoping Review

Worden,

Hicks,

Hackman

et al. 2024

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Establishing a Mouse Model of Surgical Vocal Fold Injury

Kimura,

Khan,

Easwaran

et al. 2024

The Laryngoscope

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveAnimal models of vocal fold (VF) surgical injury and scar formation provide insight into the wound healing process. The purpose of this study was to establish an alternative model of surgical injury to the mouse VF using materials commonly available in most research laboratories or for purchase and to investigate wound healing of the epithelium (EP) and lamina propria (LP).MethodsMice were anesthetized by isoflurane gas delivery and positioned on a platform so that the larynx could be observed using a laryngoscope and dissection microscope. Unilateral VF injury was created using a wire brush. Mice were euthanized and the larynx evaluated 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, 7‐, 14‐, and 28‐days following injury. Histological and immunofluorescent analysis was used to evaluate thickness of the EP, LP area, proliferative (Ki67+) and basal cells (p63+) in the EP, and collagen III content in the LP.ResultsThe depth of injury reached the superficial thyroarytenoid muscle on Day 1. The thickness of the EP of the injured VF was increased on Days 3 and 5, and the LP area was increased on Days 3, 5, and 7 as compared with the uninjured VF. Ki67+ and p63+ cells were increased on Day 3 and collagen III content was increased on Days 5 and 28 as compared with the uninjured VF.ConclusionWe successfully established an alternative method of creating unilateral VF injury in the mouse. This method will be useful for future research regarding VF surgical injury and wound healing.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 2024

show abstract

Nicotine in electronic cigarettes

Althakfi,

Hameed

2024

J.Umm Al-Qura Univ. Appll. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are battery-powered gadgets that heat liquid to produce an aerosol. Nicotine is a primary ingredient in some e-liquids; however, due to a lack of quality control regulations, the nicotine may become tainted, or the measured and labelled values may not correspond. To avoid such issues, it is essential to identify the components that contribute to erroneous nicotine quantification. Herein, the differences between free-base nicotine and nicotine salts are discussed, highlighting the lower volatility of nicotine salts and their longer persistence in the body. Discrepancies were noted in the concentration of nicotine salts in some e-liquid samples, with labelled and measured values of 48 and 68.8 mg/mL, respectively, in one sample, and 24 and 33.1 mg/mL, respectively, in another. Inconsistencies were also observed in e-liquids labelled as nicotine-free: one sample had a nicotine concentration of 21.80 mg/cartridge, while another had a concentration of 23.91 mg/mL. The review also covers differences in the potency, flavour, and storage of nicotine under various conditions. Additionally, the literature suggests that the components in ECs are separated into the liquid and vapour phases; thus, phase selection should be considered to ensure optimal experimental outcomes. For instance, the vapour phase comprises the greatest quantities of volatile organic compounds, even though nicotine has been detected in all phases. Finally, the role of ECs in smoking cessation is discussed. The reviewed findings underscore the need for further research on e-liquids, particularly regarding their long-term clinical effects.

show abstract

Effects of Short‐term Electronic(e)‐Cigarette Aerosol Exposure in the Mouse Larynx

Cited by 6 publications

References 61 publications

The Toxicological Effects of e‐Cigarette Use in the Upper Airway: A Scoping Review

The Toxicological Effects of e‐Cigarette Use in the Upper Airway: A Scoping Review

Establishing a Mouse Model of Surgical Vocal Fold Injury

Nicotine in electronic cigarettes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About