Effects of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides on glucose and lipid metabolism in mild hypercholesterolaemic individuals

Giacco, Rosalba; Clemente, Gennaro; Luongo, Diomira; Lasorella, G; Fiume, Immacolata; Brouns, Fred; Bornet, Francis; Patti, L.; Cipriano, Paola; Rivellese, Angela Albarosa; Riccardi, Gabriele

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2003.07.010

Cited by 91 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In contrast, supplementation of the human diet with short-chain FOS for 4 weeks did not affect the concentration of serum apo A-I (Luo et al 1996). Giacco et al (2004) also observed no significant differences in plasma apo A-I levels in human subjects with mild hyperlipidemia when short-chain FOS were added to the diet for 2 months. The up-regulation of apo A-I and apo E observed in the present study did not correspond to the lipid profile of blood plasma, as the total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides remained essentially unchanged in comparison to the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Differentially expressed proteins in the blood serum of piglets in response to a diet supplemented with inulin

Herosimczyk¹,

Lepczyński²,

Ożgo³

et al. 2015

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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In the present study we introduced a two-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry-based proteomic workflow to identify proteins that show altered expression as a result of the addition of 2% of water extract of inulin-type fructans to the diet of growing piglets. This analysis allowed us to detect an average of 240 spots per gel with a mass range from 10 to 250 kDa and a pH ranging from 3 to 10. Twenty protein spots were found to show statistically significant differences in their expression. Of these, 7 protein spots were up-regulated, whereas 13 showed down-regulation in response to the experimental diet. In total, 13 spots were identified, representing 8 distinct gene products. The experimental diet caused a significant change in proteins directly or indirectly involved in hemostasis and the innate immune response. Increased levels of fibrinogen along with decreased plasminogen expression may indicate that a fructan-rich diet favours the deposits of fibrin and promotes blood clotting. We also found increased expression of vitronectin and the alpha subunit of the complement component C8 which may protect the host organism against excessive cytolitic activity of the activated complement. The piglets from the experimental group had slightly increased values of IgG and IgA, whereas the IgM level tended to be decreased. The fructan-rich diet did not have any influence on plasma total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Differentially expressed proteins in the blood serum of piglets in response to a diet supplemented with inulin

Herosimczyk¹,

Lepczyński²,

Ożgo³

et al. 2015

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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“…Supplementation of inulin to subjects under a moderately high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet led to decreased hepatic lipogenesis and plasma TAG concentrations, suggesting an effect on the reduction of atherosclerosis risk factors (55) . Oligofructose intake also led to slightly significant effects on postprandial insulin response, but not on lipid metabolism in individuals with mild hypercholesterolemia (56) . An infant formula containing galactosyl-oligosaccharides and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides in a ratio of 9 :1 did not exert significant effects on total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in infants compared with those receiving a control infant formula (57) .…”

Section: Effects Of Probiotics and Prebiotics On Obesity And Metabolimentioning

confidence: 89%

Gut microbiota in obesity and metabolic disorders

2010

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Obesity is a major public health issue as it is causally related to several chronic disorders, including type-2 diabetes, CVD and cancer. Novel research shows that the gut microbiota is involved in obesity and metabolic disorders, revealing that obese animal and human subjects have alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota compared to their lean counterparts. Moreover, transplantation of the microbiota of either obese or lean mice influences body weight in the germ-free recipient mice, suggesting that the gut ecosystem is a relevant target for weight management. Indigenous gut microbes may regulate body weight by influencing the host's metabolic, neuroendocrine and immune functions. The intestinal microbiota, as a whole, provides additional metabolic functions and regulates the host's gene expression, improving the ability to extract and store energy from the diet and contributing to body-weight gain. Imbalances in the gut microbiota and increases in plasma lipopolysaccharide may also act as inflammatory factors related to the development of atherosclerosis, insulin resistance and body-weight gain. In contrast, specific probiotics, prebiotics and related metabolites might exert beneficial effects on lipid and glucose metabolism, the production of satiety peptides and the inflammatory tone related to obesity and associated metabolic disorders. This knowledge is contributing to our understanding of how environmental factors influence obesity and associated diseases, providing new opportunities to design improved dietary intervention strategies to manage these disorders.

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“…One study reported daily supplementation with 14 g Jerusalem Artichoke concentrate (containing OF) for 12 weeks significantly reduced BMI and % body fat levels (59) , while another reported daily supplementation with 21 g OF significantly reduced BW, fat mass and central fat mass (60) . However, none of the other studies found a significant influence of inulin-type fructan supplementation on BW post-intervention (59,65,66,(68)(69)(70)(71)(72) or on food intake during the intervention (65)(66)(67)(68) .…”

Section: Colonic Delivery Of Scfa To Investigate Appetite Effects Fomentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Less compelling is anthropometric and food intake data from chronic intervention studies, although these were not the main outcomes of interest for all studies (65)(66)(67)(68)(69)(70)(71)(72) except for two (59,60) . One study reported daily supplementation with 14 g Jerusalem Artichoke concentrate (containing OF) for 12 weeks significantly reduced BMI and % body fat levels (59) , while another reported daily supplementation with 21 g OF significantly reduced BW, fat mass and central fat mass (60) .…”

Section: Colonic Delivery Of Scfa To Investigate Appetite Effects Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Do SCFA have a role in appetite regulation?

2011

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The recently discovered SCFA-activated G-coupled protein receptors FFA receptor 2 and FFA receptor 3 are co-localised in L-cells with the anorexigenic 'ileal brake' gut hormone peptide YY, and also in adipocytes, with activation stimulating leptin release. Thus, SCFA such as acetate and propionate show promise as a candidate to increase satiety-enhancing properties of food. We therefore postulate SCFA may have a role in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis. SCFA can be delivered either directly within food, or indirectly via the colon by the provision of fermentable non-digestible carbohydrates. A review of studies investigating the effects of oral SCFA ingestion on appetite suggests that while oral SCFA ingestion is associated with enhanced satiety, this may be explained by product palatability rather than a physiological effect of SCFA. Colon-derived SCFA generated during microfloral fermentation have also been suggested to explain satiety-enhancing properties of non-digestible carbohydrates. However, findings are mixed from investigations into the effects of the prebiotic inulintype fructans on appetite. Overall, data presented in this review do not support a role for SCFA in appetite regulation.Acetate: Propionate: Acetic acid: Propionic acid: SCFA: Inulin: Oligofructose: Satiety Human subjects are living in an increasingly 'obesogenic' environment with easily accessed, energy dense foods and sedentary lifestyles. These 'obesogenic' factors can override homeostatic systems resulting in a gradual increase in the population body weight (BW) (1) . The need for strategies to prevent the rise in obesity is therefore becoming increasingly urgent. One strategy is to identify and develop foods that enhance satiety, thereby reducing subsequent energy intake (EI) (2,3) .SCFA have been suggested to have satiety-enhancing properties, with some researchers suggesting SCFA may explain the inverse association between dietary fibre intake and BW found in some observational studies (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) . This review considers the evidence for SCFA having a role in appetite regulation, starting first with the description of SCFA, followed by a discussion of the SCFA-activated receptors FFA receptor 2 (FFA2) and FFA receptor 3 (FFA3), which provide a rationale that SCFA may have a role in energy homeostasis. Finally, studies that have investigated the effects of orally and colonically delivered SCFA on appetite are reviewed. SCFASCFA are organic fatty acids generated in the colon when non-digestible carbohydrates (NDC) such as dietary fibre, resistant starch and inulin resist digestion and absorption in the small intestine, instead proceeding to the colon to undergo bacterial fermentation. The SCFA formed comprise between one and seven carbon units, with acetate (two carbon units) being the most predominant anion in the colon, followed by propionate (three carbon units) and then Abbreviations: AUC, area under curve; BW, body weight; DP, degree of polymerisation; EI, energy intake; GLP-1, glucago...

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Effects of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides on glucose and lipid metabolism in mild hypercholesterolaemic individuals

Cited by 91 publications

References 27 publications

Differentially expressed proteins in the blood serum of piglets in response to a diet supplemented with inulin

Differentially expressed proteins in the blood serum of piglets in response to a diet supplemented with inulin

Gut microbiota in obesity and metabolic disorders

Do SCFA have a role in appetite regulation?

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