Effects of Sho-saiko-to (Xiao Chai Hu Tang), a Chinese Traditional Medicine, on the Gastric Function and Absorption of Tolbutamide in Rats

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the eŠects of Sho-saiko-to (Xiao Chai Hu Tang), a Chinese traditional medicine, on the gastric function including the gastric emptying rate (GER) and intragastric pH in rats. Additionally, the eŠects of the GER and intragastric pH on tolbutamide absorption after oral administration were examined. The GER measured at 40 min after dosing was reduced to about 70％ by the pretreatment of Sho-saiko-to (500 mg/kg). The plasma tolbutamide concentration in the rats treated with a 250 mg/kg dose of Sho-saiko-to was signiˆcantly lower than that in the control group. Plasma tolbutamide concentrations increased along with the GER in the group co-administered Sho-saiko-to, and there were signiˆcant correlations between the GERs and plasma levels in both time points at 20 and 40 min after administration. In the study using pylorus-ligated rats, Sho-saiko-to signiˆcantly elevated the intragastric pH, but induced no change in the concentrations of tolbutamide dissolved in the gastric content. Additionally, Sho-saiko-to did not change the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of tolbutamide up to 60 min after administration into the stomach loop, and gastric absorption has been considered to minimally contribute to whole absorption of tolbutamide in the gastrointestinal tract. These results indicate that Sho-saiko-to has an inhibitory eŠect on the function of gastric emptying in rats. The reduced gastric emptying could aŠect gastrointestinal absorption, resulting in the lower plasma concentration of tolbutamide after oral administration. Furthermore, it is suggested that Sho-saiko-to can raise the intragastric pH but aŠect neither the intragastric dissolution nor the gastric absorption of tolbutamide.

Studies on Interactions between Traditional Herbal and Western Medicines. V. Effects of Sho-saiko-to (Xiao-Cai-hu-Tang) on the Pharmacokinetics of Carbamazepine in Rats.

“…TJ-9 (0.125-0.5 g/kg) has been reported to have no inhibitory effects on the gastric emptying rate (GER). 19) Nishimura et al 20) however, reported that TJ-9 (0.25-0.75 g/kg) delayed gastric emptying without regard to the increase of intragastric pH and consequently could decrease gastrointestinal absorption of tolbutamide, speculating that it may be caused by [6]-gingerol, a component of Zingiberis Rhizome which is one of 7 kinds of constituents in TJ-9.…”

“…21) Our results were similar to the latter findings. 20) Accordingly, it was considered that a reduced and slowed absorption of CBZ might be attributed to the decrease in gastric emptying induced by TJ-9. With CBZ-E, the concentration at all time points and the AUC 0-°w ere lower in the TJ-9 administration group than the control group.…”

Berberine Hydrochloride Could Prove to Be a Promising Bullet Against Clostridium Difficile Infection: A Preliminary Study From South India

“…1). The inhibitory zone diameters of BBRHCl used, in our study, were compared with that of teicoplanin (mean inhibitory zone diameter 15 mm) [14] and the breakpoint correlates for the EUCAST epidemiological cutoff values of metronidazole and vancomycin (mean inhibitory zone diameters being 23,19 [mm], respectively) [13]. The diameters of zone of inhibition for BBRHCl (all the test concentrations) were significantly lesser (P≤0.0001) than the EUCAST epidemiological cutoff value for metronidazole (data not shown).…”

“…Most of the pharmaceuticals prescribed in advanced countries are compounds derived from plants or plant products [3]. Improvement in the recovery of gastrointestinal function was demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies using TCM based therapies [17][18][19][20][21].…”

Change in tolbutamide permeability in rat jejunum and Caco-2 cells by Sho-saiko-to (Xiao Chai Hu Tang), a Chinese traditional medicine

“…Therefore, to predict and prevent serious reactions induced by drug interaction, it is necessary to characterize the mechanism for increased absorption of tolbutamide after co‐administration with Sho‐saiko‐to. In previous studies, we have shown that Sho‐saiko‐to did not affect the gastric absorption of tolbutamide in rats [11] and that dissolution of tolbutamide was not changed by Sho‐saiko‐to [12] . Thus, we focused on the absorption processes of the drug in the small intestine.…”