Effects of shading, irrigation and mycorrhizal inoculation on growth and development of oil palm Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (Magnoliophyta: Arecaceae) seedlings in the nursery

Abstract

Abstract. Experiments were conducted to examine the growth and development of oil palm Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (Magnoliophyta: Arecaceae) seedlings subjected to shading, irrigation regimes and mycorrhizal inoculation in the dry season. Treatments were 2 x 2 x 2 factorial combination consisting of shade and no-shade (open sun), 7 and 14 day irrigation intervals and mycorrhizal inoculation or noninoculation. Seedlings that were grown under shade and irrigated weekly produced highest number and length of fronds, and shoot, leaf and frond weights in addition to taller plants compared to open sun (unshaded) seedlings. Across irrigation treatments, un-shaded seedlings had lower weights of leaf, frond and shoot biomass. The effects of shade treatments were significant on plant height and frond length from 2 to 20 weeks after planting. The seedlings irrigated fortnightly produced longer roots compared with the unshaded and weekly irrigated. Fortnight irrigation enhanced root development compared with weekly irrigation. Shading and weekly irrigation significantly enhanced soil moisture contents and seedling water use efficiency compared with the unshaded. Shaded seedlings irrigated weekly used larger amount of water compared with fortnight irrigation. Significant interactions were obtained between shade and irrigation regimes for most of the growth parameters measured. Mycorrhizal inoculation, shaded and weekly irrigated seedlings were more vigorous compared with the unshaded and noninoculated.

Morpho-physiological changes in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) tenera hybrid seedlings raised under different shade levels

“…Significantly taller seedlings were observed at 75% shade (37.40 cm), whereas, the shorter ones were recorded in no shade (28.13 cm). Similarly, seedlings grown under 75% shade during rainy season (45.50 cm) were taller compared to seedlings in other treatments except at 75% shade The results revealed that shade densities over the seasons could not influence the leaf production (Table 1) as also reported by Samuel et al (2017) in oil palm. Seedlings grown in rainy season (6.55) possessed highest number of leaves as compared to summer (5.30) and winter seasons (4.15).…”

“…Shade net reduces both light and heat intensity and this modified environment/microclimate can protect seedlings from heat stress and promote plant growth. Shading promotes the vigour and growth of seedlings in oil palm (Samuel et al, 2017). But the information on level of shade requirement for primary nursery and its impact over seedling growth is not available and this information is very much required for oil palm nursery growers in India.…”

The Improvement of Oil Palm Seedling through Shade, Manure and Organic Liquid Fertilizer in Ultisol Media

“…Shading with a percentage of 50% was not significantly different from the shade percentage of 25% for seedling height (Barus et al, 2017). However, the shade needs to be provided because the height of seedlings without shade is much lower than that of shaded ones (Agele et al, 2017). This happens because of inhibiting the hormone auxin synthesis at low light intensity.…”

“…The results of the (Sinuraya, 2019) research also showed that shade provided more significant growth of oil palm seedlings than without shade, with a different value of 29.86% for height and 25.01% for hump diameter. The oil palm seedlings under shade had the best deal on fronds and shot at prenursery compared to those without shades because the shade affects the soil moisture (Agele et al, 2017).…”

FUNGOS MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES EM PLANTIOS DE DENDÊ (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.):

“…Letras minúsculas comparam as variedades Dura e Tenera entre as três áreas.Na Figura 1A, é possível perceber que área AR-3 destacou-se que nas áreas AR-1 e AR-2, não houve diferença estatística na taxa de colonização entre as plantas de dendê da variedade Dura e da variedade Tenera. Na área AR-3, as plantas de dendê da variedade Tenera apresentaram maior taxa de Diversos estudos demonstraram efeito da simbiose micorrízica sobre a produção de mudas de dendê Agele et al, (2017). verificaram que a inoculação micorrízica promoveu incrementos significativos na produção de biomassa da parte aérea e no peso de folhas (52,8% e 21,4% respectivamente) em comparação a mudas não inoculadas aos 20 dias após transplantio.…”