Effects of Shade Netting on Gas Exchange of Blushed Apple Cultivars

Smit, A; Wj, Steyn; Sje, Wand

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2008.772.8

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Similar results are not easy to find in the literature as the light conditions under partly shielded canopies are not easily measured. However, it is well-known that radiation decreases under various types of shielding materials (Jifon and Syvertsen, 2003;Smit et al, 2008;Tanny, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective rain shields alter leaf microclimate and photosynthesis in organic apple production

Kjær¹

2016

Acta Hortic.

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Plastic rain shields reduce the leaf and fruit wetness and protect apple trees against major leaf diseases and hail damage. Shielding the trees may reduce incoming radiation, especially in the ultraviolet (UV) region of the light spectrum, and affect the microclimate and photosynthesis. In July of 2014 and June of 2015, we measured the leaf microclimate and photosynthetic performance using chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange in the apple cultivar 'Santana' grown in three treatments. In one treatment the trees were exposed to natural light and sprayed (control), and in two treatments the trees were unsprayed and shielded with a plastic film not permeable to UV-light (UV-) or a plastic film permeable to UV-light (UV+). The light transmittance was reduced in the shielded treatments, protecting the leaves from high solar irradiance during noon on sunny days, and avoiding afternoon depression of photosynthesis. Due to this, the leaf photosynthetic rates were often higher in the protected trees in comparison to the control trees at similar high light intensities, whereas there were no differences between treatments on cloudy days. The effect of the UV+ film on photosynthesis did not differ from the UV-film, except there was a tendency for higher values accompanied with increased light transmittance of the UV+ film. We conclude that a microclimate with more diffused light maintained the photosynthetic yield, despite a lower light level under the rain shields.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective rain shields alter leaf microclimate and photosynthesis in organic apple production

Kjær¹

2016

Acta Hortic.

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“…estudios desarrollados en Sudáfrica demostraron que el uso de malla altera condiciones micro-climáticas, tales como temperatura y humedad relativa y, por ende, la actividad estomática y fotosintética de la hoja. esto último, debido al rol que cumplen estas variables ambientales en la regulación del intercambio gaseoso de CO 2 y H 2 O en la hoja (SmIt et al, 2008). además, las mallas, dependiendo de color son capaces de modificar la composición del espectro luminoso con un consiguiente efecto sobre aspectos morfológicos regulado por fotorreceptores específicos en la planta, tales como fitocromos (Phy), criptocromos (Cry) y fototropinas (Pho) (SHaHak et al, 2014;BaStÍaS y CORellI-GRaPPaDellI, 2012).…”

Section: Introduccionunclassified

Influencia Del Uso De Malla Perla Y Roja en Las Condiciones Micro-Climáticas, Daño Por Sol Y Desarrollo De Color De Frutos en Huertos De Manzanos Cvs. Gala Y Fuji

et al. 2017

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InfluencIa del uso de malla Perla y roja en las condIcIones mIcro-clImátIcas, dañoresumen-el daño por sol y la falta de color de frutos producida por el exceso de radiación solar y altas temperaturas es el mayor problema productivo en los huertos de manzano en Chile. el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el uso de mallas de colores como herramienta para el control de daño por sol y mejorar la coloración en manzanas. Durante la temporada 2012-13 y 2013-14 un huerto de manzanos ´Fuji´ y ´Gala´ fue cubierto con mallas de color Roja y Perla al 20% de sombreado, dejando árboles sin cubrir como control. Se realizó un registro de la temperatura del aire y fruto (ºC), humedad relativa (%) y radiación fotosintéticamente activa total (PaR total ) y difusa (PaR difusa ) (µmol m -2 s -1). Al momento de cosecha se cuantificó la incidencia de daño por sol con escala visual (%) y el color de frutos a través de un equipo Color Hunter. en promedio, para ambas temporadas, la malla Roja redujo la transmisión de PaR total en un 21%, mientras que la malla Perla en un 17%. la cantidad PaR difusa fue en promedio un 15% superior bajo la malla Perla que la malla Roja, incrementando con ello el desarrollo de color rojo de frutos en el cultivar Fuji. Durante la temporada 2012/13 ambas mallas redujeron en un 26% y 44% el daño por sol en frutos para los cultivares Gala y Fuji, respectivamente. Durante la temporada 2013/14 las mallas no redujeron significativamente el daño por sol en los frutos. los resultados de este estudio sugieren que la malla Perla provee de mejores condiciones de luz para el desarrollo de color rojo de frutos en huertos de manzanos. No obstante, bajo las condiciones climáticas de Chile, ambas mallas (Roja y Perla) presentan una efectividad solo relativa para el control de golpe de sol en manzanas. términos para indexar: mallas de color, condiciones de luz, color de frutos, golpe de sol, Malus domestica Borkh.

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A robust impact assessment that informs actionable climate change adaptation: future sunburn browning risk in apple

et al. 2016

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Climate change impact assessments are predominantly undertaken for the purpose of informing future adaptation decisions. Often, the complexity of the methodology hinders the actionable outcomes. The approach used here illustrates the importance of considering uncertainty in future climate projections, at the same time providing robust and simple to interpret information for decision-makers. By quantifying current and future exposure of Royal Gala apple to damaging temperature extremes across ten important pome fruit-growing locations in Australia, differences in impact to ripening fruit are highlighted, with, by the end of the twenty-first century, some locations maintaining no sunburn browning risk, while others potentially experiencing the risk for the majority of the January ripening period. Installation of over-tree netting can reduce the impact of sunburn browning. The benefits from employing this management option varied across the ten study locations. The two approaches explored to assist decision-makers assess this information (a) using sunburn browning risk analogues and (b) through identifying hypothetical sunburn browning risk thresholds, resulted in varying recommendations for introducing over-tree netting. These recommendations were location and future time period dependent with some sites showing no benefit for sunburn protection from nets even by the end of the twenty-first century and others already deriving benefits from employing this adaptation option. Potential best and worst cases of sunburn browning risk and its potential reduction through introduction of over-tree nets were explored. The range of results presented highlights the importance of addressing uncertainty in climate projections that result from different global climate models and possible future emission pathways.

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Effects of Shade Netting on Gas Exchange of Blushed Apple Cultivars

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Protective rain shields alter leaf microclimate and photosynthesis in organic apple production

Protective rain shields alter leaf microclimate and photosynthesis in organic apple production

Influencia Del Uso De Malla Perla Y Roja en Las Condiciones Micro-Climáticas, Daño Por Sol Y Desarrollo De Color De Frutos en Huertos De Manzanos Cvs. Gala Y Fuji

A robust impact assessment that informs actionable climate change adaptation: future sunburn browning risk in apple

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