Effects of sexual maturation and Salmonella infection on the expression of Toll-like receptors in the chicken vagina

Michailidis, Georgios; Theodoridis, Alexandros; Avdi, M.

doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.01.010

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Previous studies reported that TLR1 type 1, 2-5, 7, 15, and 21 were expressed in chicken vaginal tissues (Ozoe et al 2009, Michailidis et al 2011. Among these TLRs, TLR4 recognized LPS, whereas TLR21, an avian-specific TLR, recognized unmethylated CpG motifs as TLR9 in mammals (Brownlie & Allan 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of avian β-defensins by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and proinflammatory cytokines in hen vaginal cells in vitro

et al. 2013

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Immune function in the vagina of hen oviduct is essential to prevent infection by microorganisms colonizing in the cloaca. The aim of this study was to determine whether CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) stimulate the expression of avian b-defensins (AvBDs) in hen vaginal cells. Specific questions were whether CpG-ODN affects the expression of AvBDs and proinflammatory cytokines and whether the cytokines affect AvBDs expression in vaginal cells. The dispersed vaginal cells of White Leghorn laying hens were cultured and stimulated by different doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), CpG-ODN, interleukin 1b (IL1B), or IL6. The cultured cell population contained epithelial cells, fibroblast-like cells, and CD45-positive leukocytes. The immunoreactive AvBD3, -10, and -12 were localized in the mucosal epithelium in the section of the vagina. The expression of AvBDs, IL1B, and IL6 was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. RT-PCR analysis showed the expression of AvBD1, -3, -4, -5, -10, and -12 in the cultured vaginal cells without stimulation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 4 and 21, which recognize LPS and CpG-ODN respectively and IL1 and IL6 receptors (IL1R1 and IL6R) were also expressed in them. The expression of IL1B, IL6, and AvBD10 and -12 was upregulated by LPS, whereas only IL1B and IL6 were upregulated by CpG-ODN. IL1B stimulation upregulated AvBD1 and -3 expression, whereas IL6 stimulation did not cause changes in AvBDs expression. These results suggest that CpG-ODN derived from microbes upregulates the expression of IL1B and IL6 by interaction with TLR21 and then IL1B induces AvBD1 and -3 to prevent infection in the vagina.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of avian β-defensins by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and proinflammatory cytokines in hen vaginal cells in vitro

et al. 2013

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“…The expression of TLR3, 7 and 21 in the vagina has been reported by the previous studies (Michailidis et al, 2011;Ozoe et al, 2009). The major findings were: 1) the expression of CATH1 and CATH3 was identified in all oviductal segments, and CATH2 was expressed in all the segments except for the magnum; 2) Poly I: C down-regulated the expression of these three CATHs, whereas R848 up-regulated the expression of CATH1 and CATH3 but down-regulated the expression of CATH2, and CpG-ODN did not affect the CATHs expression in the vaginal tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Virus-associated Molecular Patterns on the Expression of Cathelicidins in the Hen Vagina

2016

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The aim of this study was to examine the expression profiles of the cathelicidins (CATHs) in the oviduct and the effects of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands of virus-associated molecular patterns on CATHs expression in the vagina of hens. The mRNA expression of cathelicidins (CATH1, -2, -3 and -B1) in the oviductal mucosa was analyzed by RT-PCR. The effects of viral moleculs on the CATHs expression in the vagina was examined by incubating the mucosal tissue with virus molecular patterns, including poly I:C (dsRNA virus, TLR3 ligand), R848 (ssRNA virus, TLR7 ligand) and CpG-ODN (DNA virus, TLR21 ligand), followed by real-time PCR analysis. The expression of CATH1, CATH2 and CATH3 was identified in all oviductal segments, except for CATH2 which was lacked in the magnum. The expression of CATHB1 was not identified at any segments of the oviduct. Poly I:C down-regulated the expression of CATH1, -2 and -3, whereas R848 up-regulated the expression of CATH1 and CATH3 but down-regulated the expression of CATH2. CpG-ODN did not affect the CATHs expression. These results suggest that mucosal tissues of the oviduct express CATHs to provide the defense mechanism against microbes, and the expression of CATH1 and CATH3 is up-regulated against ssRNA viruses, whereas, dsRNA virus may suppress the expression of CATH1, -2 and -3.

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“…W jajniku u kury stwierdzono obecność receptorów TLR 1LB, 2A, 3, 4, 5, 7, 15 oraz 21 (20,39), natomiast w jajowodzie wykazano obecność wszystkich typów TLR z wyjątkiem TLR 1LA (19,24). Wyniki te wskazują, iż mechanizmy nieswoistej i swoistej odporności lokalnej mogą być indukowane miejscowo na terenie układu rozrodczego ptaków dzięki obecności systemu szybkiego reagowania na obecność antygenów zewnątrzpochodnych.…”

Section: Artykuł Przeglądowy Reviewunclassified

“…IL-2, która pobudza proliferację limfocytów T pomocniczych (Th), limfocytów T cytotoksycznych (Tc), komórek NK i limfocytów B (12,34). Wykazano, iż stymulacja LPS prowadzi do wzrostu ekspresji genów TLR 4 (w jajniku oraz części pochwowej jajowodu) oraz 15 (w jajniku) (19,20,24), a w konsekwencji do ekspresji prozapalnych cytokin IL-1β oraz IL-6, czego następstwem był naciek heterofili oraz limfocytów T CD4 + w pęcherzykach jajnikowych (1).…”

Section: Artykuł Przeglądowy Reviewunclassified

Selected issues in local immune system of hen's reproductive tract

Kowalczyk¹,

Smiałek²,

Tykałowski³

et al. 2016

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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In terms of its anatomy and functions, the reproductive system of birds is significantly different from the one found in mammals. It consists of only the left ovary and the left oviduct, which is constantly exposed to ascending infections because of its connection with the cloaca. Hence, the proper functioning of humoral and cell-mediated local immune mechanisms in this system is very important for maintaining its physiological functions. The expression of Toll-like receptors and the presence of T and B lymphocytes have been demonstrated in both the ovary and the oviduct of chickens. CD4+ T cell subpopulation is distributed mainly in the lamina propria of the oviduct, whereas in the submucous membrane and muscular layer these cells are found less frequently. CD8+ T lymphocytes are equally distributed in all abovementioned layers of the oviduct wall. IgY+ B cells are distributed among the epithelial cells, and they are closely connected with the glandular tissue of the oviduct, mainly in the infundibulum, magnum, and uterus regions. IgA+ and IgM+ B cells are present in the entire oviduct, but mainly in the glandular tissue of the magnum. IgY+ B cells have not been detected in the ovary, unlike IgM+ B cells, which have been demonstrated in the ovary stroma. In addition to T and B cells, antigen-presenting cells are present in the follicle wall and in the oviduct. During the early stages of reproductive maturation, a decrease in the number of immunocompetent cells is observed in the reproductive system, and the local immnosuppression increases the susceptibility of birds to Salmonella Enteritidis infections. The number of T and B lymphocytes in the mucous membrane of the oviduct decreases with age, which facilitates infections of the reproductive system. Additionally, the local immune mechanisms of the reproductive system in birds involve the transfer of protective IgY, IgA and IgM maternal antibodies to hatching eggs. The local immune mechanisms of the reproductive tract are responsible for preventing infections that disturb the physiological functions of the reproductive system and for protecting eggs from contamination.

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Effects of sexual maturation and Salmonella infection on the expression of Toll-like receptors in the chicken vagina

Cited by 31 publications

References 40 publications

Induction of avian β-defensins by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and proinflammatory cytokines in hen vaginal cells in vitro

Induction of avian β-defensins by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and proinflammatory cytokines in hen vaginal cells in vitro

Effects of Virus-associated Molecular Patterns on the Expression of Cathelicidins in the Hen Vagina

Selected issues in local immune system of hen's reproductive tract

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