Effects of sex and reproductive experience on the number of orexin A-immunoreactive cells in the prairie vole brain

Donlin, Michael; Cavanaugh, Breyanna L.; Spagnuolo, Olivia S.B.; Yan, Lily; Lonstein, Joseph S.

doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2014.05.004

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Apart from the changes in endocrine-related mediators associated with the regulation of maternal behavior, reproductive experience affects the number of orexin-A-immunoreactive (ORA-ir) cells in the prairie vole (Donlin et al, 2014). The total number of OXA-ir cells were greater in the anterior caudal hypothalamus in experienced females than those found in control females.…”

Section: Reproductive Experience Induced Neurochemical Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term alterations in neural and endocrine processes induced by motherhood in mammals

Bridges

2016

Hormones and Behavior

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The reproductive experience of pregnancy, lactation and motherhood can significantly remodel the female’s biological state, affecting endocrine, neuroendocrine, neural, and immunological processes. The brain, pituitary gland, liver, thymus, and mammary tissue are among the structures that are modified by reproductive experience. The present review that focuses on rodent research, but also includes pertinent studies in sheep and other species, identifies specific changes in these processes brought about by the biological states of pregnancy, parturition, and lactation and how the components of reproductive experience contribute to the remodeling of the maternal brain and organ systems. Findings indicate that prior parity alters key circulating hormone levels and neural receptor gene expression. Moreover, reproductive experience results in modifications in neural processes and glial support. The possible role of pregnancy-induced neurogenesis is considered in the context of neuroplasticity and behavior, and the effects of reproductive experience on maternal memory, i.e. the retention of maternal behavior, together with anxiety and learning are presented. Together, these sets of findings support the concept that the neural and biological state of the adult female is significantly and dramatically altered on a long-term basis by the experiences of parity and motherhood. Remodeling of the maternal brain and other biological systems is posited to help facilitate adaptations to environmental/ecological challenges as the female raises young and ages.

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Section: Reproductive Experience Induced Neurochemical Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term alterations in neural and endocrine processes induced by motherhood in mammals

Bridges

2016

Hormones and Behavior

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“…Higher CSF levels of orexin are also found in women compared to men (Schmidt et al., 2013). However, female mice have fewer hypothalamic OXA‐ir cells than do male mice (Brownell & Conti, 2010), and the sex difference in the number of OXA‐ir cells in the prairie vole hypothalamus depends on rostrocaudal level with females having more than males rostrally but fewer than males caudally (Donlin et al., 2014). These sex differences in brain orexin measures are thought to underlie sex differences in a number of orexin‐mediated physiological and behavioural outcomes (Grafe & Bhatnagar, 2020), and in humans sexually dimorphic changes of orexin have been found to be associated with depression (Lu et al., 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of daytime light intensity on the central orexin (hypocretin) system of a diurnal rodent (Arvicanthis niloticus)

Lonstein

Linning‐Duffy

Tang

et al. 2021

Eur J of Neuroscience

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The neuropeptide orexin/hypocretin is implicated in sleep and arousal, energy expenditure, reward, affective state and cognition. Our previous work using diurnal Nile grass rats (Arvicanthis niloticus) found that orexin mediates the effects of environmental light, particularly daytime light intensity, on affective and cognitive behaviours. The present study further investigated how daytime light intensity affects the central orexin system in male and female grass rats. Subjects were housed for 4 weeks in 12:12 hr dim light:dark (50 lux, dimLD) or in 12:12 hr bright light:dark cycle (1000 lux, brightLD). Day/night fluctuations in some orexin measures were also assessed. Despite similar hypothalamic prepro-orexin mRNA expression across all conditions, there were significantly more orexin-immunoreactive neurons, larger somata, greater optical density or higher orexin A content at night (ZT14) than during the day (ZT2), and/or in animals housed in brightLD compared to dimLD. Grass rats in brightLD also had higher cisternal CSF levels of orexin A. Furthermore, orexin receptor OX1R and OX2R proteins in the medial prefrontal cortex were higher in brightLD than dimLD males, but lower in brightLD than dimLD females. In the CA1 and dorsal raphe nucleus, females had higher OX1R than males without any significant effects of light condition, and OX2R levels were unaffected by sex or light. These results reveal that daytime light intensity alters the central orexin system of both male and female diurnal grass rats, sometimes sex-specifically, and provides insight into the mechanisms underlying how daytime light intensity impacts orexinregulated functions.

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“…In particular, we highlight the sets of physiological and behavioral phenotypes associated with 1) oxytocin- and 2) orexin-expressing neurons in animal model studies and neurogenetic disorders. Alterations in function of oxytocin neurons have been independently associated with alterations in maternal care ( Bridges, 2015 ), feeding ( Romano et al, 2020 ) and psychological functioning ( Bernstein et al, 2019 ) while alterations in orexin-expressing neurons have similarly been associated with alterations in sleep and feeding ( Pace et al, 2020 ) as well as alterations of social behaviors ( Harris et al, 2020 ), pair-bonding, and parenting behaviors ( Donlin et al, 2014 ; Bridges, 2015 ). Here, we show that behavioral variation present among healthy individuals shows evidence for patterns of co-variation for a set of behavioral and physiological phenotypes which may represent a non-clinical extension of neural functions in part mediated by hypothalamic neural circuits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do the diverse phenotypes of Prader-Willi syndrome reflect extremes of covariation in typical populations?

Salminen

Read²,

Crespi³

2022

Front. Genet.

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The phenotypes of human imprinted neurogenetic disorders can be hypothesized as extreme alterations of typical human phenotypes. The imprinted neurogenetic disorder Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) features covarying phenotypes that centrally involve altered social behaviors, attachment, mood, circadian rhythms, and eating habits, that can be traced to altered functioning of the hypothalamus. Here, we conducted analyses to investigate the extent to which the behavioral variation shown in typical human populations for a set of PWAS-associated traits including autism spectrum cognition, schizotypal cognition, mood, eating, and sleeping phenotypes shows covariability that recapitulates the covariation observed in individuals with PWS. To this end, we collected data from 296 typical individuals for this set of phenotypes, and showed, using principal components analysis, evidence of a major axis reflecting key covarying PWS traits. We also reviewed the literature regarding neurogenetic syndromes that overlap in their affected traits with PWS, to determine their prevalence and properties. These findings demonstrate that a notable suite of syndromes shows phenotypic overlap with PWS, implicating a large set of imprinted and non-imprinted genes, some of which interact, in the phenotypes of this disorder. Considered together, these findings link variation in and among neurogenetic disorders with variation in typical populations, especially with regard to pleiotropic effects mediated by the hypothalamus. This work also implicates effects of imprinted gene variation on cognition and behavior in typical human populations.

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Effects of sex and reproductive experience on the number of orexin A-immunoreactive cells in the prairie vole brain

Cited by 7 publications

References 72 publications

Long-term alterations in neural and endocrine processes induced by motherhood in mammals

Long-term alterations in neural and endocrine processes induced by motherhood in mammals

Impact of daytime light intensity on the central orexin (hypocretin) system of a diurnal rodent (Arvicanthis niloticus)

Do the diverse phenotypes of Prader-Willi syndrome reflect extremes of covariation in typical populations?

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