Effects of sex, age, and two loading rates on the tensile material properties of human rib cortical bone

Katzenberger, Michael J.; Albert, Devon L.; Agnew, Amanda M.; Kemper, Andrew R.

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103410

Cited by 39 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Sex was not found to have a significant effect on the failure strain; this result is in agreement with the findings in Katzenberger et al (2020) , where it was shown that sex did not have any statistically significant effect on any of the rib cortical bone material parameters, yield stress and strain, elastic modulus or failure stress, at either of the strain rates (0.5 and 0.005 strain/s). Sex was not included as a covariate (as it was not significant) in the NASS/CDS regression model, and the stochastic simulations were only carried out using a model of the average male.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The rib fracture risk curve is based on failure strains obtained in 0.5 strain/s experiments and should therefore be used for strains obtained under similar strain rates. However, Katzenberger et al (2020) found no statistically significant differences in failure strains between the 0.5 and 0.005/s strain rates tested. Experiments performed at yet higher loading rates may reveal if there is a rate effect to rib failure strain that need to be considered in future risk modeling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The data used in this study have previously been presented by Katzenberger et al (2020) . The authors reported mechanical properties of human rib cortical bone, measured by tensile testing of samples from PMHSs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coupons were subjected to uniaxial tensile tests to failure at medium or low strain rates (0.5 and 0.005 strain/s, respectively). The higher rate was selected to represent the strain rate measured on PMHS ribs in experiments simulating a 48 km/h frontal impact ( Duma et al, 2005 ; Katzenberger et al, 2020 ). Results were obtained and reported from 58 medium-rate tests and 58 low-rate tests (55 medium and low rate test results from the same PMHS).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, material coupon tensile testing was performed on human rib cortical bone samples from 61 PMHSs (32 males and 29 females) ranging in age from 17 to 99 years ( Katzenberger et al, 2020 ). These data suffice to develop an age-dependent rib strain-based fracture risk function without relying on age scaling from other sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Rib Cortical Bone Fracture Risk as a Function of Age and Rib Strain: Updated Injury Prediction Using Finite Element Human Body Models

Larsson

Blennow

Iraeus

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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To evaluate vehicle occupant injury risk, finite element human body models (HBMs) can be used in vehicle crash simulations. HBMs can predict tissue loading levels, and the risk for fracture can be estimated based on a tissue-based risk curve. A probabilistic framework utilizing an age-adjusted rib strain-based risk function was proposed in 2012. However, the risk function was based on tests from only twelve human subjects. Further, the age adjustment was based on previous literature postulating a 5.1% decrease in failure strain for femur bone material per decade of aging. The primary aim of this study was to develop a new strain-based rib fracture risk function using material test data spanning a wide range of ages. A second aim was to update the probabilistic framework with the new risk function and compare the probabilistic risk predictions from HBM simulations to both previous HBM probabilistic risk predictions and to approximate real-world rib fracture outcomes. Tensile test data of human rib cortical bone from 58 individuals spanning 17–99 years of ages was used. Survival analysis with accelerated failure time was used to model the failure strain and age-dependent decrease for the tissue-based risk function. Stochastic HBM simulations with varied impact conditions and restraint system settings were performed and probabilistic rib fracture risks were calculated. In the resulting fracture risk function, sex was not a significant covariate—but a stronger age-dependent decrease than previously assumed for human rib cortical bone was evident, corresponding to a 12% decrease in failure strain per decade of aging. The main effect of this difference is a lowered risk prediction for younger individuals than that predicted in previous risk functions. For the stochastic analysis, the previous risk curve overestimated the approximate real-world rib fracture risk for 30-year-old occupants; the new risk function reduces the overestimation. Moreover, the new function can be used as a direct replacement of the previous one within the 2012 probabilistic framework.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Rib Cortical Bone Fracture Risk as a Function of Age and Rib Strain: Updated Injury Prediction Using Finite Element Human Body Models

Larsson

Blennow

Iraeus

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Biomechanical response of human rib cage to cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers: Effects of the compression location

Suazo

Herrero

Fortuny

et al. 2022

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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The biomechanical response of a human rib cage to cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers was investigated by means of finite element simulations. We analyzed the effect of the location where the force was applied on the achieved compression depths and stress levels experienced by the breastbone and ribs. For compression locations on the breastbone, a caudal shift of the application area toward the breastbone tip resulted in a 17% reduction of the force required to achieve a target 5 cm compression depth. We found that the use of compression regions located on the costal cartilages would involve higher risk of rib fractures.

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Computational modeling of cracking in cortical bone microstructure using the mesh fragmentation technique

Barros,

Manzoli,

Bitencourt

2024

Arch Appl Mech

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The cortical bone is a hierarchical composite material that, at the microscale, is segmented in an interstitial matrix, cement line, osteons, and Haversian canals. The cracking of the structure at this scale directly influences the macro behavior, and, in this context, the cement line has a protagonist role. In this sense, this work aims to simulate the crack initiation and propagation processes via cortical bone microstructure modeling with a two-dimensional mesh fragmentation technique that captures the mechanical relevance of its constituents. In this approach, high aspect ratio elements are inserted between the regular constant strain triangle finite elements to define potential crack paths a priori. The crack behavior is described using a composed damage model with two scalar damage variables, which is integrated by an implicit-explicit (Impl-Ex) scheme to avoid convergence problems usually found in numerical simulations involving multiple cracks. The approach’s capability of modeling the failure process in cortical bone microstructure is investigated by simulating four conceptual problems and one example based on a digital image of an experimental test. The results obtained in terms of crack pattern and failure mechanisms agree with those described in the literature, demonstrating that the numerical tool is promising to simulate the complex failure mechanisms in cortical bone, considering the properties of its distinct phases.

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Effects of sex, age, and two loading rates on the tensile material properties of human rib cortical bone

Cited by 39 publications

References 45 publications

Rib Cortical Bone Fracture Risk as a Function of Age and Rib Strain: Updated Injury Prediction Using Finite Element Human Body Models

Rib Cortical Bone Fracture Risk as a Function of Age and Rib Strain: Updated Injury Prediction Using Finite Element Human Body Models

Biomechanical response of human rib cage to cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers: Effects of the compression location

Computational modeling of cracking in cortical bone microstructure using the mesh fragmentation technique

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