Effects of seven organic pollutants on soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Sochová, Ivana; Hofman, Jakub; Holoubek, Ivan

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.03.001

Cited by 51 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…CE has also been shown to have embryotoxicity in mallard ducks, whereby exposure of eggs to CE resulted in significant embryo mortality and reduced hatching (Pedersen and Peters, 1968; Picton et al, 2008). Interestingly, our finding that CE is fertotoxic in the mammalian IVFG model system is consistent with what was reported in C. elegans , a soil-dwelling nematode that is highly suited for ecotoxicology studies (Cole et al, 2004; Roh et al, 2010; Sochova et al, 2007; Wang and Xing, 2008). Nematodes exposed to CE exhibited a dose-dependent impairment of reproductive function, and it was noted that the reproduction effects of CE were more pronounced than any of the growth effects observed (Zhang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Use of an organotypic mammalian in vitro follicle growth assay to facilitate female reproductive toxicity screening

Xu¹,

Duncan

Xu³

et al. 2016

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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Screening of pharmaceutical, chemical, and environmental compounds for their effects on reproductive health relies on in vivo studies. More robust and efficient methods to assess thes effects are needed. Here we adapted and validated an organotypic in vitro follicle growth (IVFG) assay to determine the impact of compounds on markers of ovarian function. We isolated mammalian follicles and cultured them in the presence of compounds with 1) known fertotoxicity (i.e., toxicity to the reproductive system; cyclophosphamide and cisplatin); 2) no known fertotoxicity (nalbuphine); and 3) unknown fertotoxicity (Corexit EC 9500 A; CE). In each case we assayed follicle growth, hormone production, and the ability of follicle-enclosed oocytes to resume meiosis and produce a mature egg. We found that cyclophosphamide and cisplatin caused dose-dependent disruption of follicle dynamics, whereas nalbuphine did not. The reproductive toxicity of CE, an oil dispersant used heavily during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, has never been examined in a mammalian system. We found that CE compromised follicle morphology and functional parameters. Our findings demonstrate that this IVFG assay system can be used to distinguish fertotoxic from non-toxic compounds, providing an in vitro tool for assessing effects of chemical compounds on reproductive function and health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Use of an organotypic mammalian in vitro follicle growth assay to facilitate female reproductive toxicity screening

Xu¹,

Duncan

Xu³

et al. 2016

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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“…These researchers estimated a PNEC for soil of 5.28 mg/kg, which slightly exceeds the estimated exposure value of 3.2 mg/kg reported by UNEP [2], indicating a potential risk to soil dwelling organisms. In another study, Sochová et al [61] examined the effect of this same SCCP on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in various media: water, soil and agar (Table 3). Toxicity was more pronounced following 48 h exposure compared to 24 h, and was one order of magnitude lower than LC 50 values reported for other soil invertebrates from the Bezchlebova study [60].…”

Section: Terrestrial Organisms and Birdsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Overview of the Mammalian and Environmental Toxicity of Chlorinated Paraffins

Ali

Legler

2010

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are a large and complex group of polychlorinated n-alkanes found ubiquitously in the environment. Recent studies also show the presence of CPs in human samples such as breast milk. Relatively few studies have been performed on the mammalian and environmental toxicity of CPs. Though the acute toxicity of these compounds is generally low, chronic toxicity and sub-lethal effects have been reported, including carcinogenic effects of shortchained CPs (SCCPs). Target organs for toxicity include the liver, kidneys, and the thyroid and parathyroid glands. Toxicity appears to be inversely related to chain length and increases with greater degrees of chlorination. Lowest effect levels (LOEL) reported in rats are 100 mg/kg/day for the SCCPs (C 10-13 , 58% Cl, 14 day, oral gavage) and 25 mg/kg/day for medium-chained CPs (C 14-17 , 52% Cl, 90 days, dietary exposure). The most sensitive endpoint for CP mammalian toxicity appears to be developmental toxicity, with a LOEL in rats of 5.7 mg/kg/day. Mammalian risk quotients of merely 2.63 have been reported based on this LOEL, indicating a relatively small margin of safety between exposure and effect concentrations in mammals. Aquatic invertebrates appear to be highly sensitive to CP toxicity (LOEC 1.6 mg/L for mysids, 28 day exposure to SCCPs C 10-13 , 58% Cl), and there are indications that fish are highly sensitive to CPs following prolonged exposure to low concentrations. In recent years, a number of comprehensive reviews have been written on CP toxicity. This overview provides a synthesis of the existing information on CP toxicity, and argues that, despite the data gaps, it is clear that, especially SSCPs may lead to significant adverse environmental and human health effects.

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“…Here, C. elegans may be useful. Nematode tests have been used for metals and organic contaminants in soils [83][84][85][86], and although they have not yet been used extensively for testing of ENMs, data show that the tests do work with ENMs [87]. The tests are much shorter than the equivalent earthworm method (28 d for mortality, 56 d for reproduction in earthworms).…”

Section: Aging and Modifying Enms During Soil Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicity test methods for engineered nanomaterials: Practical experiences and recommendations from the bench

Handy

Cornelis

Fernandes

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

297

236

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Abstract-Ecotoxicology research is using many methods for engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), but the collective experience from researchers has not been documented. This paper reports the practical issues for working with ENMs and suggests nano-specific modifications to protocols. The review considers generic practical issues, as well as specific issues for aquatic tests, marine grazers, soil organisms, and bioaccumulation studies. Current procedures for cleaning glassware are adequate, but electrodes are problematic. The maintenance of exposure concentration is challenging, but can be achieved with some ENMs. The need to characterize the media during experiments is identified, but rapid analytical methods are not available to do this. The use of sonication and natural/synthetic dispersants are discussed. Nano-specific biological endpoints may be developed for a tiered monitoring scheme to diagnose ENM exposure or effect. A case study of the algal growth test highlights many small deviations in current regulatory test protocols that are allowed (shaking, lighting, mixing methods), but these should be standardized for ENMs. Invertebrate (Daphnia) tests should account for mechanical toxicity of ENMs. Fish tests should consider semistatic exposure to minimize wastewater and animal husbandry. The inclusion of a benthic test is recommended for the base set of ecotoxicity tests with ENMs. The sensitivity of soil tests needs to be increased for ENMs and shortened for logistics reasons; improvements include using Caenorhabditis elegans, aquatic media, and metabolism endpoints in the plant growth tests. The existing bioaccumulation tests are conceptually flawed and require considerable modification, or a new test, to work for ENMs. Overall, most methodologies need some amendments, and recommendations are made to assist researchers. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:15-31. # 2011 SETAC

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Effects of seven organic pollutants on soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Cited by 51 publications

References 27 publications

Use of an organotypic mammalian in vitro follicle growth assay to facilitate female reproductive toxicity screening

Use of an organotypic mammalian in vitro follicle growth assay to facilitate female reproductive toxicity screening

Overview of the Mammalian and Environmental Toxicity of Chlorinated Paraffins

Ecotoxicity test methods for engineered nanomaterials: Practical experiences and recommendations from the bench

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